View source for Betula alleghaniensis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Betula alleghaniensis
|accepted_authority=Britton
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|place=31: 166. 1904
|year=1904
}}
|common_names=Yellow birch;merisier;bouleau jaune
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula alleghaniensis var. fallax
|authority=(Fassett) Brayshaw
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula alleghaniensis var. macrolepis
|authority=(Fernald) Brayshaw
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula lutea
|authority=unknown
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula lutea var. macrolepis
|authority=Fernald
}}
|hierarchy=Betulaceae;Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae;Betula;Betula alleghaniensis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Betulaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Betula]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Betula alleghaniensis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree some measurement"><b>Trees,</b> to 30 m;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="trunk course;crown shape">trunks straight, crowns narrowly round.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="bark coloration;bark coloration;bark coloration;bark coloration;bark coloration;bark reflectance;bark architecture or pubescence or relief;bark relief;bark coloration;bark arrangement;trunk life cycle"><b>Bark </b>of young trunks and branches dark reddish-brown, in maturity tan, yellowish, or grayish, lustrous, smooth, irregularly exfoliating, or sometimes darkening and remaining close;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="lenticel coloration;lenticel size">lenticels dark, horizontally expanded.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="twig taste;twig taste;twig taste;gland size;gland coating"><b>Twigs </b>with odor and taste of wintergreen when crushed, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, usually covered with small resinous glands.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade width;pair atypical quantity;pair quantity;base shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;margin architecture or shape;tooth relief;tooth architecture or course;apex shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade narrowly ovate to ovate-oblong with (9–) 12–18 pairs of lateral-veins, 6–10 × 3–5.5 cm, base rounded to cuneate or cordate, margins sharply doubly serrate, teeth coarse, rather irregular, apex acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="surface pubescence;vein size;gland arrangement;gland size;gland coating">surfaces abaxially usually moderately pubescent, especially along major veins and in vein-axils, often with scattered, minute, resinous glands.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="infructescence orientation;infructescence shape;infructescence length;infructescence width;release condition"><b>Infructescences </b>erect, ovoid, 1.5–3 × 1–2.5 cm, generally remaining intact after release of fruits in late fall;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="scale pubescence;lobe position;lobe position;lobe position;lobe position;central lobe shape;tip size or width;lateral lobe orientation;lateral lobe size;lateral lobe width;lateral lobe shape">scales sparsely to moderately pubescent, lobes diverging proximal to middle, central lobe tapering to narrow tip, lateral lobes ascending or partially extended, broader, rounded.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="wing width"><b>Samaras </b>with wings narrower than body, broadest near summit, not or only slightly extended beyond body apically.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="samara width;samara width;samara size;2n chromosome quantity">2n = 84.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering late spring.
|habitat=Stream banks, swampy woods, and rich, moist, forested slopes
|elevation=0–500 m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;N.B.;Nfld.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Conn.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>Betula alleghaniensis is a characteristic tree of the northern Appalachians and the hemlock hardwoods forest of the Great Lakes region. It was formerly widely known by the illegitimate (superfluous) name B. lutea F. Michaux.</p><!--
--><p>Native Americans used Betula alleghaniensis medicinally as an emetic or cathartic, to remove bile from intestines, as a blood purifier, as a wash for "Italian itch," and as a diuretic (D. E. Moerman, as Betula lutea).</p><!--
--><p>Betula alleghaniensis is very closely related to B. lenta, which it resembles in many features (T. L. Sharik and R. H. Ford 1984). A distinctive feature is usually its freely exfoliating bark, although in certain populations the bark remains close and dark (B. P. Dancik 1969; B. P. Dancik and B. V. Barnes 1971).</p><!--
--><p>Betula alleghaniensis Britton × B. papyrifera Marshall has seldom been reported, but it may actually be more common than realized in the northeastern states. In most features it is intermediate between the parents (B. V. Barnes et al. 1974).</p><!--
--><p>Betula ×purpusii Schneider (= Betula alleghaniensis Britton × B. pumila Linnaeus, 2n = 70) is a rather common hybrid wherever the parent species occur together. The large shrubby plants show strikingly intermediate leaf characteristics.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Betula alleghaniensis
|author=
|authority=Britton
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Betula alleghaniensis var. fallax;Betula alleghaniensis var. macrolepis;Betula lutea;Betula lutea var. macrolepis
|basionyms=
|family=Betulaceae
|phenology=Flowering late spring.
|habitat=Stream banks, swampy woods, and rich, moist, forested slopes
|elevation=0–500 m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;N.B.;Nfld.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Conn.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|publication year=1904
|special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_460.xml
|subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae
|genus=Betula
|species=Betula alleghaniensis
|2n chromosome quantity=84
|apex shape=acuminate
|bark architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|bark arrangement=close
|bark coloration=darkening;grayish;yellowish;grayish;yellowish;dark reddish-brown
|bark reflectance=lustrous
|bark relief=exfoliating
|base shape=rounded;cuneate or cordate
|central lobe shape=tapering
|crown shape=round
|gland arrangement=scattered
|gland coating=resinous;resinous
|gland size=minute;small
|infructescence length=1.5cm;3cm
|infructescence orientation=erect
|infructescence shape=ovoid
|infructescence width=1cm;2.5cm
|lateral lobe orientation=ascending
|lateral lobe shape=rounded
|lateral lobe size=extended
|lateral lobe width=broader
|leaf-blade length=6cm;10cm
|leaf-blade shape=narrowly ovate;ovate-oblong
|leaf-blade width=3cm;5.5cm
|lenticel coloration=dark
|lenticel size=expanded
|lobe position=proximal;middle
|margin architecture or shape=serrate
|pair atypical quantity=9;12
|pair quantity=12;18
|release condition=intact
|samara size=extended
|samara width=broadest;narrower
|scale pubescence=pubescent
|surface pubescence=pubescent
|tip size or width=narrow
|tooth architecture or course=irregular
|tooth relief=coarse
|tree some measurement=0m;30m
|trunk course=straight
|trunk life cycle=young
|twig taste=glabrous;sparsely pubescent
|vein size=major
|wing width=narrower
}}<!--

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