View source for Hamamelis virginiana

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Hamamelis virginiana
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 124. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Witch-hazel;café du diable;hamémelis
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis androgyna
|authority=Walter
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis corylifolia
|authority=Moench
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis dioica
|authority=Walter
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis macrophylla
|authority=Pursh
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis virginiana var. angustifolia
|authority=Nieuwland
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis virginiana var. orbiculata
|authority=Nieuwland
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis virginica var. macrophylla
|authority=(Pursh) Nuttall
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis virginica var. parvifolia
|authority=Nuttall
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus dentata
|authority=(Nuttall) Rafinesque
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus estivalis
|authority=Rafinesque
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus nigra
|authority=(Linnaeus) Rafinesque
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus nigra var. catesbiana
|authority=Rafinesque
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus parvifolia
|authority=unknown
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus rotundifolia
|authority=unknown
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus virginica
|authority=unknown
}}
|hierarchy=Hamamelidaceae;Hamamelis;Hamamelis virginiana
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Hamamelidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Hamamelis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Hamamelis virginiana]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub atypical some measurement;shrub some measurement;shrub growth form;shrub odor;shrub coating;tree size;tree atypical some measurement;tree some measurement;tree growth form;tree odor;tree coating;clump density"><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, to 6 (-10.6) m, suckering, forming dense clumps, not aromatic and resinous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf duration"><b>Leaves </b>not persistent in winter;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="petiole atypical some measurement;petiole some measurement">petioles 6-15 (-20) mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade width;base orientation or shape;base shape;base shape;base orientation or shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade broad-elliptic to nearly rounded or obovate, 3.7-16.7 × 2.5-13 cm, base strongly oblique and rounded, sometimes somewhat cuneate and weakly oblique, apex acute to short-acuminate or broadly rounded;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="surface coloration;surface pubescence">surfaces abaxially pale green, not glaucous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="flower odor"><b>Flowers </b>appearing in autumn, faintly fragrant;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="calyx coloration;calyx coloration;calyx coloration">calyx adaxially yellow-green to yellow;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal some measurement">petals pale to deep yellow, rarely reddish, 10-20 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="staminode shape">staminodes conspicuously dilated.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="capsule some measurement"><b>Capsules </b>10-14 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="seed some measurement;2n chromosome quantity"><b>Seeds </b>5-9 mm. <b>2n</b> = 24.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering fall (Oct–Nov [Dec]).
|habitat=Dry woodland slopes, moist woods, bluffs, and high hammocks
|elevation=0-1500 m
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>Hamamelis virginiana exhibits a complex range of variation, not easily reconciled taxonomically, especially in the leaves and flowers. In the northern part of the range, the leaves are larger, averaging 9 × 2.6 cm, the petals are bright yellow, and the plants are normally shrubby. In South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, the leaves are usually smaller, averaging 6.2 × 4.1 cm, the petals are distinctly pale yellow, and the plants sometimes attain small tree proportions, to 30 cm in trunk diameter. Such plants have been referred to as H. virginiana var. macrophylla. On the Ozark Plateau, H. virginiana and H. vernalis are sympatric. There the petals of H. virginiana are often reddish at the base, indicating the role of hybridization in that part of the range. Infraspecific taxa are not recognized for H. virginiana because no consistently defined pattern of variation or geographic correlation can be identified with this plant.</p><!--
--><p>Hamamelis virginiana was well known as a medicinal plant by Native Americans. Cherokee, Chippewa, Iroquois, Menominee, Mohegan, and Potowatomi tribes used it as a cold remedy, dermatological aid, febrifuge, gynecological aid, eye medicine, kidney aid, and in other ways (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p><!--
--><p>Witch-hazel was subsequently used by the early European settlers in similar ways. A tea of the leaves was employed for a variety of medicinal purposes. The twigs were used as divining rods (water-witching), thus giving the vernacular name to the plant. Modern uses employ both the bark and leaves, and a good demand still exists for the pleasant-smelling water of witch-hazel, derived from the leaves and bark. The products are used in skin cosmetics, shaving lotions, mouth washes, eye lotion, ointments, and soaps.</p><!--
--><p>Hamamelis virginiana is sometimes cultivated, largely for its autumn flowering.</p><!--
--><p>The largest known tree of Hamamelis virginiana, 10.6 m in height with a trunk diameter of 0.4 m, is recorded from Bedford, Virginia (American Forestry Association 1994).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Hamamelis virginiana
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Hamamelis androgyna;Hamamelis corylifolia;Hamamelis dioica;Hamamelis macrophylla;Hamamelis virginiana var. angustifolia;Hamamelis virginiana var. orbiculata;Hamamelis virginica var. macrophylla;Hamamelis virginica var. parvifolia;Trilopus dentata;Trilopus estivalis;Trilopus nigra;Trilopus nigra var. catesbiana;Trilopus parvifolia;Trilopus rotundifolia;Trilopus virginica
|basionyms=
|family=Hamamelidaceae
|phenology=Flowering fall (Oct–Nov [Dec]).
|habitat=Dry woodland slopes, moist woods, bluffs, and high hammocks
|elevation=0-1500 m
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Selected by author to be illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_410.xml
|genus=Hamamelis
|species=Hamamelis virginiana
|2n chromosome quantity=24
|apex shape=acute;short-acuminate or broadly rounded
|base orientation or shape=oblique;oblique
|base shape=cuneate;rounded
|calyx coloration=adaxially yellow-green;yellow
|capsule some measurement=10mm;14mm
|clump density=dense
|flower odor=fragrant
|leaf duration=not persistent
|leaf-blade length=3.7cm;16.7cm
|leaf-blade shape=broad-elliptic;nearly rounded or obovate
|leaf-blade width=2.5cm;13cm
|petal coloration=reddish;pale;deep yellow
|petal some measurement=10mm;20mm
|petiole atypical some measurement=15mm;20mm
|petiole some measurement=6mm;15mm
|seed some measurement=5mm;9mm
|shrub atypical some measurement=6m;10.6m
|shrub coating=resinous
|shrub growth form=suckering
|shrub odor=not aromatic
|shrub some measurement=0m;6m
|staminode shape=dilated
|surface coloration=pale green
|surface pubescence=not glaucous
|tree atypical some measurement=6m;10.6m
|tree coating=resinous
|tree growth form=suckering
|tree odor=not aromatic
|tree size=small
|tree some measurement=0m;6m
}}<!--

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