View source for Juglans californica

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Juglans californica
|accepted_authority=S. Watson
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
|place=10: 349. 1875
|year=1875
}}
|common_names=Southern California walnut;California black walnut
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Juglandaceae;Juglans;Juglans californica
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Juglandaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Juglans]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Juglans californica]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub some measurement;tree size;tree some measurement"><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, to 6-9 m.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bark coloration;bark coloration;bark coloration;bark shape;plate pubescence or relief"><b>Bark </b>light or medium gray, divided into rough plates.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="twig pubescence;twig architecture;distal edge shape;patch prominence;patch pubescence"><b>Twigs </b>with distal edge of leaf-scar notched, often shallowly so, glabrescent or bordered by poorly defined velvety patch;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="pith coloration">pith brown.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="terminal bud shape;terminal bud shape;terminal bud shape;terminal bud shape;terminal bud some measurement"><b>Terminal </b>buds ovoid to ellipsoid, somewhat flattened, 5-6 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf some measurement"><b>Leaves </b>15-24 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="petiole some measurement">petiole 2-5 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="leaflet atypical quantity;leaflet atypical quantity;leaflet quantity;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet length;leaflet width;margin architecture or shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape"><b>Leaflets </b>(9-) 11-15 (-17), usually narrowly oblongelliptic to lance-elliptic, occasionally lanceolate, symmetric or weakly falcate, 4.3-9.5 × 1.6-2.6 cm, margins finely serrate, apex rounded to acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="surface pubescence;hair quantity;main vein architecture or function or pubescence;hair architecture">surfaces abaxially without tufts of hair in vein-axils, abaxially and adaxially glabrous with scales but no hairs, main veins glandular, often sparsely so, leaflets without nonglandular hairs (except for multiradiate hairs early in season);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="terminal leaflet development">terminal leaflet well developed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="catkin architecture;catkin some measurement"><b>Staminate </b>catkins 5-14 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 15-35 per flower;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="pollen-sac distance">pollen-sacs 0.6-1 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="fruit quantity;fruit shape;fruit some measurement;fruit architecture or pubescence or relief;fruit architecture or function or pubescence;fruit pubescence;scale arrangement"><b>Fruits </b>1-3, globose, 2.1-3.5 cm, smooth, at first glandular, with scattered scales, soon glabrescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="nut shape;nut atypical some measurement;nut some measurement;nut architecture;between grooves surface architecture or pubescence or relief">nuts depressed-globose, 1.8-2.2 (-2.5) cm, shallowly grooved, surface between grooves smooth.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering spring (Mar–May).
|habitat=Hillsides and canyons
|elevation=30-900 m
|distribution=Calif.
|discussion=<p>Juglans californica is the most distinctive western walnut, but some care must be taken in identifying it. The distinctive leaflet shape of J. californica is occasionally replicated by early-season leaves of other species. Furthermore, J. californica is distinctive in lacking simple and fasciculate hairs on the leaves, but like most other walnuts, multiradiate hairs are normally present on the young vegetative growth (stems, petioles, and midribs) in the spring. The hairs are usually deciduous early in the growing season. They have short (0.1-0.2 mm), crisped rays and are never clustered or especially associated with vein axils. The fasciculate hairs found in all of our other species (except sometimes J. microcarpa) are persistent, have longer (0.3-0.4 mm), straight rays, and are concentrated in clusters abaxially in the axils of the main lateral veins.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Juglans californica
|author=
|authority=S. Watson
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Juglandaceae
|phenology=Flowering spring (Mar–May).
|habitat=Hillsides and canyons
|elevation=30-900 m
|distribution=Calif.
|reference=None
|publication title=Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
|publication year=1875
|special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_391.xml
|genus=Juglans
|species=Juglans californica
|apex shape=rounded;acute
|bark coloration=gray;medium;light
|bark shape=divided
|between grooves surface architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|catkin architecture=staminate
|catkin some measurement=5cm;14cm
|distal edge shape=notched
|fruit architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|fruit architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|fruit pubescence=glabrescent
|fruit quantity=1;3
|fruit shape=globose
|fruit some measurement=2.1cm;3.5cm
|hair architecture=eglandular
|hair quantity=no
|leaf some measurement=15cm;24cm
|leaflet atypical quantity=15;17
|leaflet length=4.3cm;9.5cm
|leaflet quantity=11;15
|leaflet shape=usually narrowly oblongelliptic;lance-elliptic occasionally lanceolate symmetric or weakly falcate
|leaflet width=1.6cm;2.6cm
|main vein architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|margin architecture or shape=serrate
|nut architecture=grooved
|nut atypical some measurement=2.2cm;2.5cm
|nut shape=depressed-globose
|nut some measurement=1.8cm;2.2cm
|patch prominence=defined
|patch pubescence=velvety
|petiole some measurement=2cm;5cm
|pith coloration=brown
|plate pubescence or relief=rough
|pollen-sac distance=0.6mm;1mm
|scale arrangement=scattered
|shrub some measurement=6m;9m
|stamen quantity=15;35
|surface pubescence=glabrous
|terminal bud shape=flattened;ovoid;ellipsoid
|terminal bud some measurement=5mm;6mm
|terminal leaflet development=developed
|tree size=small
|tree some measurement=6m;9m
|twig architecture=bordered
|twig pubescence=glabrescent
}}<!--

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