View source for Cannabis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cannabis
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1027. 175
}}{{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 453. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Hemp;Indian hemp;marijuana;marihuana;chanvre;cannabis
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cannabaceae;Cannabis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cannabaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cannabis]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek kannabis, hemp, said to come from Arabic kinnab or Persian kannab
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="herb duration;herb orientation;herb architecture"><b>Herbs,</b> annual, erect, taprooted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem architecture;stem architecture;hair architecture"><b>Stems </b>simple to well branched, without 2-branched hairs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>palmately compound;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole growth form;hair architecture">petiole not twining, without 2-branched hairs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="surface pubescence"><b>Leaf-</b>blade: surfaces abaxially sparsely to densely pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence orientation;inflorescence architecture;cyme architecture;cyme architecture;panicle architecture;panicle architecture"><b>Inflorescences:</b> staminate inflorescences compound cymes or panicles, erect;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence architecture or arrangement;inflorescence orientation;inflorescence orientation;inflorescence orientation;pseudospike architecture">pistillate pseudospikes, congested, erect to spreading.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers:</b> staminate and pistillate on different plants, sometimes on same plants, especially in cultivars.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="achene shape;perianth size"><b>Achenes </b>lenticular, enclosed within enlarged perianth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="">embryo curved.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="embryo course;x chromosome quantity">x = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Widespread in temperate regions;nearly worldwide
|discussion=<p>Species 1 (1 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Many populations of Cannabis sativa have been established largely from escapes from former cultivation and, sporadically, from clandestine cultivation.</p><!--
--><p>One of the oldest cultivated plants, hemp was widely used in Neolithic China in the Yang Shao culture (ca. 4000 B.C.). Many legends understandably surround its origins and popularity. Its tough and durable fiber, excellent for rope, cordage, paper, canvas, sailcloth, and fish nets, prompted its initial spread throughout the world. The seeds are very nutritious; they are an important constituent in birdseed mixes, and the seeds, as well as the edible oil from seeds, are marketed as an excellent food source for human consumption. Oil from the seeds was also used in paints and varnishes and as fuel for lamps (B. B. Simpson and M. Conner-Ogorzaly 1986). Hemp was a major economic crop in the American colonies because of the demand for rope in agricultural, maritime, and military pursuits. Probably best known today for its psychoactive chemicals, it is used legally by physicians in the treatment of glaucoma and to relieve nausea in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation (B. B. Simpson and M. Conner-Ogorzaly 1986).</p><!--
--><p>Until 1970 marihuana was legally controlled in the United States by the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, which levied a transfer tax for which no stamps or licenses were available to private citizens. Cannabis is now controlled by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Act of 1970. In Canada marihuana has been controlled since 1938 by an amendment to the Narcotic Control Act (D. E. Mustol 1991).</p><!--
--><p>The vernacular name hemp refers both to the plant and to its commercially extracted bast fibers. Most other terms refer both to the plant and to drug preparations of it.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=schultes1974a
|text=Schultes, R. E., W. M. Klein, T. Plowman, and T. E. Lockwood. 1974. Cannabis: An example of taxonomic neglect. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 23: 337-367.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=simpson1986a
|text=Simpson, B. B. and M. Conner-Ogorzaly. 1986. Economic Botany: Plants in Our World. New York.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=small1976a
|text=Small, E. and A. Cronquist. 1976. A practical and natural taxonomy for Cannabis. Taxon 25: 405-435.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=small1979a
|text=Small, E. 1979. The Species Problem in Cannabis: Science & Semantics. 2 vols. Toronto.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cannabis
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cannabaceae
|distribution=Widespread in temperate regions;nearly worldwide
|reference=schultes1974a;simpson1986a;small1976a;small1979a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_380.xml
|genus=Cannabis
|achene shape=lenticular
|cyme architecture=compound;staminate
|embryo course=curved
|flower architecture=pistillate;staminate
|hair architecture=2-branched;2-branched
|herb architecture=taprooted
|herb duration=annual
|herb orientation=erect
|inflorescence architecture=staminate
|inflorescence architecture or arrangement=congested
|inflorescence orientation=erect;spreading
|leaf architecture=compound
|panicle architecture=compound;staminate
|perianth size=enlarged
|petiole growth form=not twining
|pseudospike architecture=pistillate
|stem architecture=branched;simple to well
|surface pubescence=pubescent
|x chromosome quantity=10
}}<!--

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