View source for Viola affinis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Viola affinis
|accepted_authority=Leconte
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York
|place=2: 138. 1826
|year=1826
}}
|common_names=Leconte’s or sand violet;violette affine
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Viola affinis var. subarctica
|authority=J. Rousseau
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. crenulata
|authority=Willdenow
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. sororia subsp. affinis
|authority=(Leconte) R. J. Little
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. sororia var. affinis
|authority=(Leconte) L. E. McKinney
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. subviscosa
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. venustula
|authority=unknown
}}
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola affinis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Violaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Viola]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Viola affinis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 116, 138, 139
|treatment_page=page 120
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–15 cm; rhizome slender, becoming thick and fleshy with age. <b>Leaves</b> basal, 1–6, ascending to erect; stipules lanceolate, margins entire or fimbriate, apex acute; petiole 2–10 cm, glabrous; blade green abaxially, unlobed, narrowly to broadly ovate or narrowly deltate, 1.5–10 × 1.5–10 cm, not fleshy, base cordate to broadly cordate or almost truncate, margins crenate to serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces sparsely pubescent adaxially, rarely glabrous. <b>Peduncles</b> 3–15 cm, glabrous or pubescent. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals lavender-violet to dull reddish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and darker violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 10–22 mm, usually obviously bearded, rarely beardless, spur white or same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers from prostrate to ascending peduncles. <b>Capsules</b> often reddish or purplish-flecked or green, ellipsoid, 5–10 mm, glabrous or puberulent. <b>Seeds</b> beige, mottled to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 54.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun.
|habitat=Open or wooded wet areas, meadows, stream banks, thickets, shores of lakes, seasonally dry areas.
|elevation=100–2000 m
|distribution=Ont.;Que.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ill.;Ind.;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>L. E. McKinney (1992) considered <i>Viola affinis</i>, and much of what botanists had called <i>V. nephrophylla</i>, to be essentially the same taxon. After studying additional specimens, reviewing literature (H. E. Ballard 1994; A. Haines 2001b), and discussions with others (J. Cayouette, H. E. Ballard, A. Haines, pers. comm.), he chose to maintain these as separate taxa. Reports of <i>V. affinis</i> in the Gulf coastal states based on specimens or photographs are usually attributable to <i>V. missouriensis</i>.</p><!--
--><p><i>Viola affinis</i> reportedly hybridizes with <i>V. hirsutula</i> (= V. ×consobrina House), <i>V. cucullata</i> (= V. ×consocia House), <i>V. brittoniana</i> (= V. ×davisii House), <i>V. sororia</i> (= V. ×filicetorum Greene [as species]), <i>V. sagittata </i>var.<i> sagittata</i> (= V. ×hollickii House), and <i>V. nephrophylla</i> (= V. ×subaffinis House).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Viola affinis
|author=
|authority=Leconte
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Viola affinis var. subarctica;V. crenulata;V. sororia subsp. affinis;V. sororia var. affinis;V. subviscosa;V. venustula
|basionyms=
|family=Violaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun.
|habitat=Open or wooded wet areas, meadows, stream banks, thickets, shores of lakes, seasonally dry areas.
|elevation=100–2000 m
|distribution=Ont.;Que.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ill.;Ind.;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York
|publication year=1826
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_196.xml
|genus=Viola
|species=Viola affinis
}}<!--

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