View source for Trollius

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Trollius
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 556. 175
}}{{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. pl. ed.
|place=5, 243. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Globe-flower
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Trollius
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ranunculaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Trollius]]</div></div>
|etymology=German Trollblume, globe-flower
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="herb duration;caudex height or length or size"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, from short caudices.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;proximal leaf architecture;distal leaf architecture;distal leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline, proximal leaves petiolate, distal leaves sessile or nearly so;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="cauline leaf arrangement">cauline leaves alternate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;segment atypical quantity;segment quantity;segment shape;segment shape;margin shape;margin shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade deeply palmately divided into (3-) 5-7 segments, segments obovate, ± 3-lobed, margins coarsely toothed, often incised.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, 1-3 [-7] -flowered open cymes or flowers solitary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="peduncle some measurement">peduncle 2-30 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="beak architecture or shape">bracts leaflike, not forming involucre.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture or shape"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual, radially symmetric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal some measurement;fruit atypical quantity;fruit atypical quantity;fruit quantity">sepals not persistent in fruit, (4-) 5-9 [-30], white to orange-yellow [orange-red or purplish], ± plane [strongly concave and incurved], elliptic, orbiculate, or obovate, sometimes short-clawed, 10-30 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="petal quantity;petal fusion;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal atypical some measurement;petal some measurement">petals 5-25, distinct, yellow or orange, plane with cupped base of blade, linear-oblong [ovate], ± clawed, 2-10 [-40] mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="base shape">nectary within pocketlike base of blade;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 20-75;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="filament shape">filaments filiform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="staminode presence">staminodes absent between stamens and pistils;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="pistil atypical quantity;pistil quantity;pistil architecture">pistils 5-28 [-50], simple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovule atypical quantity;ovule quantity">ovules 4-5 (-9) per pistil;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="style presence">style present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="fruits follicle architecture;fruits follicle architecture;fruits follicle shape;side architecture"><b>Fruits </b>follicles, aggregate, sessile, oblong, sides transversely veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="beak position or structure subtype;beak course;beak some measurement">beak terminal, straight, 2-4 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>black or dark-brown, faceted to angular, dull or lustrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="seed coloration;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed reflectance;seed reflectance;x chromosome quantity">x=8.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North temperate and arctic regions;North America;Europe;Asia
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 30 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>As many as 10 Eurasian species of Trollius have been cultivated in North America as ornamentals. Of these, only T. europaeus Linnaeus has been reported to escape. The species infrequently persists near old dwellings in New Brunswick (B.Boivin 1966; H.Hinds, pers. comm.). Trollius europaeus may be distinguished from all North American species by its globose flowers with strongly incurved sepals (in North American species flowers are shallowly bowl-shaped with sepals ± spreading).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=doroszewska1974a
|text=Doroszewska, A. 1974. The genus Trollius L., a taxonomical study. Monogr. Bot. 41: 1-167, plates 1-16.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals 5–7, ± length of stamens when pollen shed, 8–12 mm; Alaska.
|[[Trollius riederianus|Trollius riederianus]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals 10–25, 1/2–2/3 length of stamens when pollen shed, 3–6 mm; Washington to Rocky Mountains, and e United States.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sepals white when fresh; plants of various moist habitats (often ± acidic), w North America.
|[[Trollius albiflorus|Trollius albiflorus]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sepals yellow when fresh; plants restricted to alkaline meadows and swamps (fens), e United States.
|[[Trollius laxus|Trollius laxus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Trollius
|author=Bruce D. Parfitt
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Ranunculaceae
|distribution=North temperate and arctic regions;North America;Europe;Asia
|reference=doroszewska1974a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. pl. ed.
|publication year=;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_211.xml
|genus=Trollius
|base shape=pocketlike
|beak architecture or shape=leaflike
|beak course=straight
|beak position or structure subtype=terminal
|beak some measurement=2mm;4mm
|caudex height or length or size=short
|cauline leaf arrangement=alternate
|distal leaf architecture=nearly;sessile
|filament shape=filiform
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|fruit atypical quantity=9;30
|fruit quantity=5;9
|fruits follicle architecture=sessile;aggregate
|fruits follicle shape=oblong
|herb duration=perennial
|inflorescence architecture=1-3[-7]-flowered
|inflorescence architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|leaf-blade shape=divided
|margin shape=incised;toothed
|ovule atypical quantity=5;9
|ovule quantity=4;5
|peduncle some measurement=2cm;30cm
|petal atypical some measurement=10mm;40mm
|petal coloration=orange;yellow
|petal fusion=distinct
|petal quantity=5;25
|petal shape=clawed;linear-oblong;plane
|petal some measurement=2mm;10mm
|pistil architecture=simple
|pistil atypical quantity=28;50
|pistil quantity=5;28
|proximal leaf architecture=petiolate
|seed coloration=dark-brown;black
|seed reflectance=lustrous;dull
|seed shape=faceted;angular
|segment atypical quantity=3;5
|segment quantity=5;7
|segment shape=3-lobed;obovate
|sepal coloration=white;orange-yellow
|sepal duration=not persistent
|sepal shape=short-clawed;obovate;orbiculate;obovate;orbiculate;elliptic;plane
|sepal some measurement=10mm;30mm
|side architecture=veined
|stamen quantity=20;75
|staminode presence=absent
|style presence=absent
|x chromosome quantity=8
}}<!--

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