View source for Fumariaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Fumariaceae
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications=
|common_names=Fumitory Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Fumariaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fumariaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 340
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial, scapose or caulescent, from taproots, bulblets, tubers, or rhizomes; sap clear. <b>Stems</b> when present leafy, erect to prostrate or climbing, simple or branching. <b>Leaves</b> basal and/or cauline, alternate, mostly compound, sometimes simple, without stipules, petiolate; blade with 2-6 odd-pinnate orders of leaflets and/or lobes. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, axillary, extra-axillary, or leaf-opposed, unifloral or else multifloral and thyrsoid, paniculate, racemose, or corymbose; peduncles present; bracts present. <b>Flowers</b> bilaterally symmetric about 1 plane or each of 2 perpendicular planes; pedicel present; sepals caducous or persistent, 2, thin; petals 4, distinct or coherent basally to almost completely connate, in 2 whorls of 2; outer petals alike or dissimilar, 1 or both sometimes swollen or spurred basally; inner petals alike, apically connate, clawed, with somewhat hollow, membranous, wrinkled, abaxial median crests; stamens 6, in 2 bundles of 3 each, opposite outer petals; filaments of each bundle partially to completely connate, sometimes basally adnate to petals, with basal nectariferous tissue often in form of spur; anthers connivent, adhering to stigma, median anthers 2-locular, lateral anthers 1-locular; pistil 1, 2-carpellate; ovary 1-locular; placentae parietal; style threadlike, rigid; stigma 1, compressed, with 2 lobes or apical horns, and/or 2-8 papillar stigmatic surfaces. <b>Fruits</b> capsular, indehiscent or dehiscent and valvate. <b>Seeds</b> 1-many, small, elaiosome (oil-bearing appendage) often present.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Eurasia.
|discussion=<p>Genera 19, species ca. 450 (4 genera, 23 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The genera of Fumariaceae are distributed mostly in the Old World and primarily in temperate Eurasia. One acaulescent species of <i>Dicentra</i> occurs in Siberia, Kamchatka, and Japan; a caulescent species is found in western China and northern Burma; and nine climbing species are distributed throughout the Himalayan area and Burma. More than 400 taxa of <i>Corydalis</i> and 50 of <i>Fumaria</i>, distributed primarily throughout temperate, often montane, regions of Eurasia and Africa, have been described. <i>Adlumia</i> comprises only two species, which are quite similar morphologically, one from North America and the other from East Asia.</p><!--
--><p>Most European and some American systematists treat Fumariaceae as a subfamily of Papaveraceae. However, although a few taxa are morphologically intermediate, the members of Fumariaceae generally are quite distinct from those of Papaveraceae in several respects, including floral symmetry, sap character, and stamen number and fusion.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=ernst1962a
|text=Ernst, W. R. 1962. The genera of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 43: 315-343.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=fedde1936a
|text=Fedde, F. 1936. Papaveraceae. In: H. G. A. Engler et al., eds. 1924+. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2. 26+ vols. Leipzig and Berlin. Vol. 17b, pp. 5-145.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=gunn1980a
|text=Gunn, C. R. 1980. Seeds and fruits of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae. Seed Sci. Technol. 8: 3-58.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hutchinson1921a
|text=Hutchinson, J. 1921. The genera of the Fumariaceae and their distribution. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1921: 97-115.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=liden1986a
|text=Lidén, M. 1986. Synopsis of Fumarioideae (Papaveraceae) with a monograph of the tribe Fumarieae. Opera Bot. 88: 1-133.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=rachelle1974a
|text=Rachelle, L. D. 1974. Pollen morphology of the Papaveraceae of the northeastern U.S. and Canada. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 101: 152-159.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ryberg1960a
|text=Ryberg, M. 1960. Studies in the Morphology and Taxonomy of the Fumariaceae. Uppsala.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ryberg1960b
|text=Ryberg, M. 1960b. A morphological study of the Fumariaceae and the taxonomic significance of the characters examined. Acta Hort. Berg. 19(4): 121-248.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals almost completely connate, spongy; plants climbing, petiolules and reduced leaflets twining and tendril-like.
|[[Adlumia|Adlumia]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals coherent or connate only basally, not spongy; plants not climbing.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Both outer petals swollen or spurred basally.
|[[Dicentra|Dicentra]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Only 1 outer petal swollen or spurred basally.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Fruit an elongate, dehiscent capsule; seeds more than 1, with elaiosome.
|[[Corydalis|Corydalis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Fruit a ± globose, indehiscent capsule; seeds 1, without elaiosome.
|[[Fumaria|Fumaria]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Fumariaceae
|author=Kingsley R. Stern
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Fumariaceae
|illustrator=John Myers
|distribution=North America;Eurasia.
|reference=ernst1962a;fedde1936a;gunn1980a;hutchinson1921a;liden1986a;rachelle1974a;ryberg1960a;ryberg1960b
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_145.xml
}}<!--

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