View source for Cyperus echinatus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cyperus echinatus
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Alph. Wood
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Class-book Bot. ed. s.n.(b),
|place=734. 1861
|year=1861
}}
|common_names=Teasel sedge
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Scirpus echinatus
|authority=Linnaeus
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cyperus ovularis
|authority=(Michaux) Torrey
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cyperus ovularis var. americanus
|authority=Boeckeler
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cyperus ovularis var. sphaericus
|authority=Boeckeler
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cyperus ovularis var. wolfii
|authority=(Alph. Wood) Kükenthal
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cyperus wolfii
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Kyllinga ovularis
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Mariscus ovularis
|authority=unknown
}}
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Cyperus;Cyperus subg. Cyperus;Cyperus echinatus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cyperus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Cyperus subg. Cyperus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Cyperus echinatus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 149, 183
|treatment_page=page 182
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, single-stemmed to loosely cespitose. <b>Culms</b> basally cormlike, trigonous, (15–)30–100 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> flat to V-shaped, 10–65 cm × 3–9 mm, adaxial surface, margins minutely scabridulous. <b>Inflorescences</b>: spikes densely globose to globose-ovoid, 8–17 mm wide; rays 3–12, 2–12 cm, scaberous adaxially especially distally; rachis 4–8 mm; bracts (3–)4–7, ascending at 30(–45)°, flat, 5–35 cm × 2–9 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.5–0.7 mm wide. <b>Spikelets</b> 50–100, oblong-lanceoloid, ± terete-quadrangular, (3.5–)4–7 × 1–1.4 mm; distal spikelet spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, 3–5, appressed, stramineous to brownish, 4-ribbed laterally, oblong-elliptic, 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.8 mm, membranous, apex entire or emarginate with mucro to 0.3 mm. <b>Flowers</b>: anthers 0.4–0.8 mm; styles 0.5–0.6 mm; stigmas 1 mm. <b>Achenes</b> brown, ± stipitate, oblong, (1.5–)1.8–2.3 × 0.5–0.6(–0.7) mm (1/2 length of floral scales), apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Fruiting summer–early fall.
|habitat=Disturbed, sunny sites, in mesic places, well-drained soils
|elevation=0–500 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;West Indies.
|discussion=<p>The records for Rhode Island and Wisconsin are according to M. L. Horvat (1941); we have not seen specimens from those states.</p><!--
--><p><i>Cyperus echinatus</i> is usually recognized by its tight, nearly spheric spikes; it may occasionally be hard to distinguish from <i>C. croceus</i> and <i>C. retrorsus</i>. Compared to <i>C. retrorsus</i>, <i>C. echinatus</i> has larger spikelets and longer floral scales, anthers, and achenes. In contrast to <i>C. echinatus</i>, <i>C. croceus</i> has looser spikes, shorter, broader, greenish or yellowish floral scales, shorter, more ovoid achenes, and shorter anthers. Furthermore, <i>C. echinatus</i> is predominantly an inland species of roadsides, pastures, and other disturbed ground; <i>C. retrorsus</i> is primarily a coastal species and occurs in drier, sandier sites.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cyperus echinatus
|author=
|authority=(Linnaeus) Alph. Wood
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=Cyperus ovularis;Cyperus ovularis var. americanus;Cyperus ovularis var. sphaericus;Cyperus ovularis var. wolfii;Cyperus wolfii;Kyllinga ovularis;Mariscus ovularis
|basionyms=Scirpus echinatus
|family=Cyperaceae
|phenology=Fruiting summer–early fall.
|habitat=Disturbed, sunny sites, in mesic places, well-drained soils
|elevation=0–500 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;West Indies.
|reference=None
|publication title=Class-book Bot. ed. s.n.(b),
|publication year=1861
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_312.xml
|genus=Cyperus
|subgenus=Cyperus subg. Cyperus
|species=Cyperus echinatus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cyperus subg. Cyperus]]