View source for Taraxacum erythrospermum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Taraxacum erythrospermum
|accepted_authority=Andrzejowski ex Besser
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Enum. Pl.,
|place=75. 1822
|year=1822
}}
|common_names=Red-seeded dandelion;pissenlit à graines rouges
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Taraxacum laevigatum var. erythrospermum
|authority=(Andrzejowski ex Besser) J. Weiss
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Taraxacum officinale var. erythrospermum
|authority=(Andrzejowski ex Besser) Babington
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Taraxacum scanicum
|authority=Dahlstedt
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae;Taraxacum;Taraxacum erythrospermum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Taraxacum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Taraxacum erythrospermum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 246
|treatment_page=page 245
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>(1–)5–30(–60) cm; taproots seldom branched. <b>Stems</b> 1–15+, ascending to erect, pinkish to reddish, (± equaling foliage), glabrous or sparsely villous, usually more densely so distally. <b>Leaves</b> 20+, horizontal to erect; petioles ± slightly winged distally; blades obovate to oblanceolate (runcinate), 5–25 × 1–4 cm, bases attenuate, margins lacerate, lobes retrorse, triangular to nearly lanceolate, acute to long-acuminate, terminals about as large as distal laterals, teeth usually few, rarely 0, irregular, straight to retrorse, minute to pronounced or secondary lobules, apices usually acute or acuminate, sometimes obtuse, rarely rounded, faces glabrous or glabrate to sparsely villosulous (mainly midveins). <b>Calyculi</b> of 16–18, reflexed to recurved, sometimes glaucous or purplish, lanceolate bractlets in 2 series, 3.8–10 × 1–2 mm, margins white to purplish, narrowly scarious, apices acute or long-acuminate, erose, hornless. <b>Involucres</b> green, tips reddish gray, urceolate (closed) to cylindro-campanulate (open), 10–25 mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> 18–19 in 2 series, lanceolate-linear, 1.2–2.1 mm wide, margins scarious, slightly revolute at green edge, apices long-acuminate, erose-scarious, usually at least some horned. <b>Florets</b> ca. 70–75+; corollas sulphur yellow, outer with abaxial purplish or grayish stripe, 12–16 × 1–1.5 mm. <b>Cypselae</b> brick red to reddish brown or reddish purple, bodies oblanceoloid to obovoid, (2.2–)2.5–3(–4) mm, cones terete, 0.8–1.3 mm, beaks slender, (5–)7–8.5 mm, ribs ca. 15, sharp, faces proximally ± tuberculate (sometimes barely so) to conspicuously muricate in distal 1/2; pappi white to sordid, 4–7 mm. <b>2n</b> = 16, 24, 32 (Europe).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering nearly year-round (except summer, south, to spring, north).
|habitat=Waste grounds, roadsides, lawns
|elevation=0–1500+ m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Ga.;Iowa;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Miss.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;Tex.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe;also introduced in Mexico.
|discussion=<p>Early leaves of <i>Taraxacum erythrospermum</i> sometimes may be broadly winged along the midvein, making distinction from <i>T. officinale</i> difficult; usually, its later leaves become more deeply lobed with time.</p><!--
--><p>The name <i>Taraxacum</i> laevigatum has been used for L. erythrospermum in North America, following H. Handel-Mazzetti (1907). L. H. Shinners (1949) questioned that usage. The name is listed in the index of Flora Europaea (A. J. Richards and P. D. Sell 1973) as an unassigned synonym; it could be related to three different entities of sect. Spectabilia. And, it is not mentioned by other modern students of the group. Therefore, (1) given that the North American entity has not been identified with a particular Eurasian taxon; (2) to avoid using a microspecies name such as T. scanicum; and (3) despite the lack of typification of the name, I am using <i>T. erythrospermum</i> as a place holder until nomenclatural issues are resolved. This clearly associates the taxon with the section to which it belongs.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Taraxacum erythrospermum
|author=
|authority=Andrzejowski ex Besser
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Taraxacum laevigatum var. erythrospermum;Taraxacum officinale var. erythrospermum;Taraxacum scanicum
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering nearly year-round (except summer, south, to spring, north).
|habitat=Waste grounds, roadsides, lawns
|elevation=0–1500+ m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Ga.;Iowa;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Miss.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;Tex.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe;also introduced in Mexico.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Enum. Pl.,
|publication year=1822
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_320.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
|genus=Taraxacum
|species=Taraxacum erythrospermum
}}<!--

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