is removed; embryo large, curved to annular or spirally coiled; radicle position median or basal, ascending or pointing outward; endosperm usually digested
14 KB (879 words) - 22:58, 5 November 2020
their seeds with little or no endosperm. The only genus of questionable position has been Penthorum Linnaeus, sometimes placed here but clearly discordant
16 KB (1,377 words) - 23:42, 5 November 2020
silky-tomentose, abortive ovules apical (rarely in some species variable in position or subbasal), seed coat adhering to seed at maturity. Cotyledons distinct
22 KB (385 words) - 17:42, 30 November 2022
Miller Etymology: Greek entosthi, within, and odon, tooth, alluding to position of teeth inside capsule Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on
8 KB (605 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
cm, erect. Sheaths open to the base, with tufts of hairs at the auricle position, sometimes with a line of hairs around the collar; auricles absent; ligules
9 KB (659 words) - 18:59, 11 May 2021
mm. > 30 30 Leaf blade with prominent and conspicuous ringlike bands at position of cross partitions; roots without terminal tubers; inner tepals 1.7–2
11 KB (266 words) - 15:17, 4 October 2022
winged, gyne, female, and andros, male, presumably alluding to lateral position of gametoecia Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 367
2 KB (139 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
Stevens. 1978. Generic limits in the tribe Cladothamneae (Ericaceae) and its position in the Rhododendroideae. J. Arnold Arbor. 59: 311–341. Copeland, H. F.
5 KB (503 words) - 23:41, 5 November 2020
2001). Ovary position in keys and descriptions here refers to flowers during or shortly after anthesis. Reports of variation in ovary position in some genera
24 KB (2,046 words) - 23:46, 5 November 2020
serrulate throughout, teeth paired, appearing 2-fid due to their apposing position from contiguous cells, sometimes margins plane, teeth unpaired; apex gradually
5 KB (504 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
Etymology: Greek epi, upon, thele, nipple, and anthos, flower, describing flower position near tubercle apex Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page
5 KB (493 words) - 22:58, 5 November 2020
Bramble ferns Etymology: Greek hypo, below, and lepis, scale, in reference to position of sori under the revolute leaf margin Treatment appears in FNA Volume
2 KB (185 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
pigmentation features indicate a position outside Solidago, as do DNA data (J. B. Beck et al. 2004). The phylogenetic position of B. discoidea remains uncertain
4 KB (419 words) - 21:01, 5 November 2020
staminodes (A. Bernhard 1999). de Wilde, W. J. J. O. 1971. The systematic position of the Paropsieae, in particular the genus Ancistrothyrsus, and a key to
6 KB (714 words) - 23:20, 5 November 2020
Rhodora 63: 226–228. Narayana, P. S. and L. L. Narayana. 1988. Systematic position of Gisekia Linnaeus—a numerical assessment. Feddes Repert. 99: 189–193
3 KB (257 words) - 22:57, 5 November 2020
or partly included, with 3 spikelets per node. Spikelets in the central position usually with 2 fertile florets, the lateral spikelets usually with rudimentary
3 KB (184 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
(Najadaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 107: 169--188. Shaffer-Fehre, M. 1991b. The position of Najas within the subclass Alismatidae (Monocotyledones) in the light
3 KB (246 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
strong, of carrion; sepals displayed above bracts, spreading to ± horizontal position, green, purple markings adaxially, lanceolate-elliptic, 17–40 mm, margins
4 KB (370 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
spines; lateral and adaxial spines not hooked, 2–3 in semicentral spine position; central spines 1–4 per areole, principal 1 hooked, turned upward, terete
4 KB (477 words) - 22:58, 5 November 2020
provided further support for the monophyly of the three tribes, but their position relative to each other and other members of the PACCAD clade is more equivocal
5 KB (558 words) - 18:59, 11 May 2021
perianth into a tube is reflected in flower form, filament length, staminal position, and the opening of the bud. Flowers with much-abbreviated perianth tubes
10 KB (844 words) - 22:15, 5 November 2020
abaxial in this treatment relate to the stem axis, especially when describing position within or adjacent to areoles. Virtually all other literature on Cactaceae
32 KB (1,968 words) - 20:34, 6 November 2020
Blade margin shape Blade odor Blade orientation Blade position Blade position or shape Blade position or structure subtype Blade presence Blade prominence
372 bytes (2,401 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
Flower orientation Flower placentation Flower position Flower position or structure subtype Flower position relational Flower presence Flower prominence
417 bytes (2,448 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
styles. In addition, ovary position in some taxa can change from mostly inferior at flowering to superior in fruit; ovary position is described at the flowering
22 KB (863 words) - 23:46, 5 November 2020
R. Buck (1979), who recognized four genera and suggested a transitional position between Dicranaceae and Ditrichaceae. The two genera represented in the
4 KB (362 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
reflexed in natural position, nearly circular, 5–10 × 5–10 mm including lateral lobes, apex obtuse, lateral lobes incurved in natural position, truncate to obtuse;
5 KB (387 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
Asia, s, e Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia. The systematic position of Gunneraceae has been uncertain for a long time. Gunnera has sometimes
3 KB (347 words) - 11:33, 9 May 2022
leptosporangiate ferns. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 51: 123--158. Mickel, J. T. 1973. Position of and classification within the Dennstaedtiaceae. In: A. C. Jermy et al
4 KB (384 words) - 21:23, 5 November 2020
Flowers bisexual, usually actinomorphic, sometimes zygomorphic and petals positioned in upper 1/2 of flower (in sect. Gaura), buds erect or recurved; floral
18 KB (1,909 words) - 17:56, 2 December 2022
or maroon, compressed, 2–16 cm × 1–2 mm. , with faint ringlike bands at position of septa. Inflorescences terminal panicles of 40–100(–200) heads, 4–16
3 KB (280 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
foliage, rachis and branches filiform, glomerules often beadlike in alternate position along rachis, perianth 5-lobed. Pistillate flowers axillary. Fruiting bracteoles
4 KB (331 words) - 22:59, 5 November 2020
antheridia and archegonia are not intermingled. The antheridia are central in position, associated with minute perigonial bracts; the archegonia arise at the
4 KB (388 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
Mast et al. (2004), and G. M. Schneeweiss et al. (2004). The phylogenetic position of Cyclamen, a scapose taxon currently included in Myrsinaceae, has not
9 KB (958 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
cycle Perianth orientation Perianth orientation or shape Perianth position Perianth position or shape Perianth presence Perianth prominence Perianth pubescence
430 bytes (1,651 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
styles. In addition, ovary position in some taxa can change from mostly inferior at flowering to superior in fruit. Ovary position is described at flowering
17 KB (1,070 words) - 23:42, 5 November 2020
laterally from the perichaetium, not because of an actual lateral origin or position, but owing to the curvature of a short seta (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson
6 KB (459 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
evidence supports recognition as a monogeneric family with a near-basal position in the Caryophyllales (P. Cuénoud et al. 2002; K. W. Hilu et al. 2003;
3 KB (231 words) - 20:14, 5 November 2020
opposite pollen sac (the connective). Orientation refers to the relative position of paired pollen sacs at dehiscence: parallel (sacs parallel to each other
14 KB (1,771 words) - 19:59, 8 December 2021
were unresolved. T. Azuma et al. (2000) sought to determine the taxonomic position of Chosenia and Toisusu, as well as the classification of Salix. Within
32 KB (4,205 words) - 23:31, 5 November 2020
location Hair odor Hair orientation Hair orientation or shape Hair position Hair position relational Hair presence Hair prominence Hair prominence or shape
428 bytes (1,808 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
location Branch orientation Branch orientation or shape Branch position Branch position relational Branch prominence Branch prominence or shape Branch
372 bytes (1,746 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
elevated from its usual rank of subgenus to emphasize differences concerning position of the catkins, size of the staminate bracts, and appearance of the fruits
5 KB (451 words) - 22:45, 5 November 2020
Nesom, Canadanthus (x = 9) belongs in Symphyotrichinae, in an isolated position similar to that of Ampelaster (x = 9), Almutaster (x = 9), and Psilactis
4 KB (445 words) - 20:58, 5 November 2020
cucullate. There has been considerable controversy over the systematic position of Thelia, with the genus variously placed in Anomodontaceae, Hylocomiaceae
4 KB (394 words) - 22:39, 5 November 2020
flower; sepals spreading outward from base and remaining in horizontal position for entire length, narrowly lanceolate to oblanceolate, 4–6.5 × 1.1–1.8
4 KB (382 words) - 22:17, 5 November 2020
phylogenetic reappraisals (W. R. Buck and B. Goffinet 2000) of the taxonomic position of Alsia and Forsstroemia (in Leptodontaceae), Bestia (in Lembophyllaceae)
4 KB (324 words) - 22:39, 5 November 2020
America (Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru), se Australia. The taxonomic position of Lilaea is uncertain. The genus often is treated as a monotypic family
4 KB (389 words) - 21:32, 5 November 2020
Asia, Africa. Genera 2, species 30 (2 genera, 5 species in the flora). The position of Teesdalia in Iberideae is not entirely resolved; further studies are
2 KB (178 words) - 23:36, 5 November 2020
Stech 1999b). Stech, M. 1999b. A molecular systematic contribution to the position of Amphidium Schimp. (Rhabdoweisiaceae, Bryopsida). Nova Hedwigia 68: 291–300
4 KB (284 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
et al. nor J. E. Rodman et al. (1984) found evidence supporting a basal position of Molluginaceae relative to the rest of Centrospermae. Boetsch, J. R.
4 KB (413 words) - 22:56, 5 November 2020
hybridus aggregate (see above). Section Centrusa probably occupies a basal position, at least for the clade of subg. Amaranthus sect. Amaranthus, and probably
5 KB (541 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
length or size Beak life cycle Beak orientation Beak position Beak position or shape Beak position or structure subtype Beak presence Beak prominence Beak
377 bytes (1,417 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
previously removed from Lembophyllaceae, but molecular data confirm its position in the family as closely related to Bestia. None. Tripterocladium leucocladulum
2 KB (173 words) - 22:39, 5 November 2020
America, Europe (Russia), Asia. Genus 1, species 2 (1 in the flora). The position of Penthorum within Rosales has been disputed extensively. A. Cronquist
3 KB (334 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
slightly pubescent near the throat, sometimes with hairs in the auricular position; auricles absent or vestigial on the basal leaves; ligules 2-4.2 mm, glabrous
3 KB (309 words) - 17:22, 11 May 2021
included within Anagallis but this is not yet fully resolved. The phylogenetic position of Cyclamen, a scapose taxon, has not been resolved; Ståhl and Anderberg
7 KB (736 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
median refers to areas or positions about midway between a base and corresponding apex, and medial refers to areas or positions ± centered between opposing
21 KB (1,721 words) - 20:53, 5 November 2020
flowers. Because of the radicle position, the section is possibly best placed within subg. Atriplex. However, the radicle position might also be a derived condition
4 KB (411 words) - 16:15, 5 March 2024
States, Mexico, West Indies. Species 17 (5 in the flora). The phylogenetic position of Seymeria remains unclear. N. D. Young et al. (1999) placed Seymeria
5 KB (371 words) - 20:24, 5 November 2020
largest leaves, while in a strict sense ecostate, may have in the costal position thicker walled cells or a few undifferentiated cells in a double layer
6 KB (583 words) - 22:29, 5 November 2020
Gynerieae includes only one genus, the neotropical genus Gynerium. The position of the tribe in the Centothecoideae + Panicoideae clade is strongly supported;
3 KB (241 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
of Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. with a brief discussion on the taxonomic position of Kyllinga. Bot. Gaz. 132: 172–179. Tucker, G. C. 1984. A revision of
4 KB (290 words) - 21:40, 5 November 2020
Grayia, even though they shared features of bracteole compression, seed position, and rounded axillary buds. The two species otherwise differ markedly in
7 KB (747 words) - 18:01, 6 November 2020
Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 23: 71–177. Oberprieler, C. and R. Vogt. 2000. The position of Castrilanthemum Vogt & Oberprieler and the phylogeny of Mediterranean
18 KB (990 words) - 20:56, 5 November 2020
studies. Brintonia lies outside Solidago based on DNA and morphology. The position of the monophyletic Oreochrysum also appears to lie outside and phylogenetically
13 KB (793 words) - 20:33, 8 December 2021
lobe length Calyx lobe length or size Calyx lobe orientation Calyx lobe position Calyx lobe prominence Calyx lobe pubescence Calyx lobe quantity Calyx lobe
414 bytes (1,036 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
fusion Carpel position C cont. Carpel shape Carpel size P Pistillode Pistillode architecture or function or pubescence Pistillode position relational Pistillode
418 bytes (430 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
sempervirens. Syst. Bot. 15: 679–699. Uttal, L. J. 1986. The taxonomic position of Vaccinium sempervirens (Ericaceae). Rhodora 88: 515–516. Vaccinium crassifolium
2 KB (191 words) - 23:41, 5 November 2020
and S. Jalan. 1964. Schisandra Michaux--its embryology and systematic position. Bot. Not. 117: 285-306. Rehder, A. J. 1944. Schisandra Michaux, nomen
2 KB (219 words) - 22:48, 5 November 2020
understanding of unique structural attributes in the family, and also often of its position within the Caryophyllales (e.g., H.-D. Behnke 1972, sieve-tube plastids;
14 KB (1,274 words) - 22:57, 5 November 2020
(2001) who listed 23 of the 53 genera treated here as being of uncertain position within the subfamily Chloridoideae. Part of the prob¬lem is that several
30 KB (859 words) - 18:58, 11 May 2021
of a peristome, and the naked calyptra. The genus occupies an isolated position in the family, and the gametophyte has a curious un-polytrichoid appearance
3 KB (326 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
57–227. Lye, K. A. 1973. Studies in African Cyperaceae: 8. The taxonomic position of Abildgaardia Vahl and Nemum Hamilton. Bot. Not. 126: 325–329. Abildgaardia
4 KB (338 words) - 21:39, 5 November 2020
x = 15. Arizona, n Mexico. Species 2 (1 in the flora). The systematic position of Canotia has been much disputed. Morphologic (M. C. Johnston 1975; H
2 KB (212 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
to be an early evolutionary offshoot within Camissonia. He revised his position (Raven 1969) to regard the late afternoon-opening flowers, pollen shed
4 KB (290 words) - 11:33, 9 May 2022
interrupted spikes, and Kranz anatomy, but from which they differ in the radicle position, valves of the fruiting bracteoles free beyond the middle, monoecious habit
4 KB (436 words) - 23:00, 5 November 2020
Novon 7: 323–327. Kane, S. L. and I. A. Al-Shehbaz. 2003. Phylogenetic position and generic limits of Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae) based on sequences of
5 KB (504 words) - 23:35, 5 November 2020
species ca. 40 (1 in the flora). Rhizogoniaceae is distinguished by the position of the sporophytes in the basal half or at the base of the erect stems
3 KB (315 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
and above/below are always used in relation to the position of the frond in the water. The positions toward the base and the apex of the frond are called
9 KB (964 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
(incl. Mexico), South America. Species ca. 12 (1 in the flora). The generic position of the single North American species of Calydorea has long been unsettled
4 KB (395 words) - 22:17, 5 November 2020
presence of rachillae suggests that the section is primitive; its phylogenetic position remains unresolved. None. Carex geyeri, Carex multicaulis, Carex tompkinsii
4 KB (250 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
interpretation have not been conducted. Reeder, J.R. 1960. The systematic position of the grass genus Anthephora. Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc. 79:211-218
3 KB (257 words) - 18:56, 11 May 2021
placed in Fabroniaceae or Myriniaceae, but molecular data strongly suggest a position in Brachytheciaceae as a small, epiphytic, monospecific genus with a reduced
3 KB (263 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
to Schofieldiella as proposed by Buck. These authors also argued for its position in Sematophyllaceae, rather than Hylocomiaceae, where Buck placed it. None
2 KB (219 words) - 22:38, 5 November 2020
Corrigiola litoralis L. J. Ecol. 50: 833–840. Gilbert, M. G. 1987. The taxonomic position of the genera Telephium and Corrigiola. Taxon 36: 47–49. Vogel, A. 1997
4 KB (304 words) - 23:15, 5 November 2020
petal color and inflorescence habit and from C. stellata in flower size and position of the stigma. On the basis of morphology, chromosome number and pairing
4 KB (323 words) - 11:32, 9 May 2022
Amblystegiaceae in several diagnostic gametophyte features, including rhizoid position and ornamentation, and branching mode (see 4. Platydictya treatment). Hedenäs
15 KB (704 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
location Apex orientation Apex orientation or shape Apex position Apex position or shape Apex position relational Apex prominence Apex pubescence Apex pubescence
440 bytes (574 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
Aril coating Aril coloration Aril count Aril duration Aril fixation Aril position relational Aril presence Aril pubescence Aril pubescence or texture Aril
372 bytes (350 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
Koyama, T. 1982. The genus Lipocarpha R. Br., its morphology and systematic position in the family Cyperaceae. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 33: 218–226. Raynal, J
6 KB (567 words) - 21:40, 5 November 2020
showing 100% strong support for the section (R. A. Levin et al. 2004). The position of sect. Pachylophus was not supported as a member of the two main lineages
7 KB (575 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
Herrickia, Eurybia, and Triniteurybia. This underscores the intermediate position of the eurybioids between basal x = 9, asterlike, more or less mesic ancestors
5 KB (470 words) - 21:06, 5 November 2020
roots in some species on the primary root at base of stem or at irregular positions on secondary roots. Stems erect to ascending-erect, ± 4-angled, faces subequal
10 KB (750 words) - 23:44, 2 December 2022
from herbarium specimens. Distinguishing field characteristics such as position, surface, texture, and color of the leaves, and three-dimensional shape
11 KB (866 words) - 22:15, 5 November 2020
location Apex orientation Apex orientation or shape Apex position Apex position or shape Apex position relational Apex prominence Apex pubescence A cont. Apex
404 bytes (387 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
Base orientation Base orientation or shape Base position Base position or shape B cont. Base position relational Base prominence Base prominence or shape
445 bytes (457 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
height or length or size Midrib length or size Midrib orientation Midrib position Midrib prominence Midrib pubescence M cont. Midrib quantity Midrib reflectance
525 bytes (604 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
departures, however, also occur in numbers of vegetative and floral axes, position of inflorescence, and displacement of terminal bud. Stems may be solitary
12 KB (1,128 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
and by I. A. Al-Shehbaz (1973), Stanfordia does not merit recognition, a position taken also by O. Appel and Al-Shehbaz (2003). R. E. Buck (1993, 1995) excluded
10 KB (712 words) - 23:30, 5 November 2020