View source for Dicranum fulvum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Dicranum fulvum
|accepted_authority=Hooker
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Musci Exot.
|place=2: plate 149. 1819,
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Dicranaceae;Dicranum;Dicranum fulvum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Dicranaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Dicranum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Dicranum fulvum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 395, 398, 400, 406, 411, 418
|treatment_page=page 417
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>in loose tufts, dark green above, blackish green below, dull. <b>Stems</b> 1.5–3.5 cm, sparsely tomentose with light- to reddish brown rhizoids. <b>Leaves</b> erect-spreading, some weakly falcate-secund, crisped when dry, smooth, (3–)4–5(–7) × 0.5–0.8 mm, some leaf tips broken off, concave below, subtubulose above, narrowly lanceolate to a long, narrow subula occupied mainly by the excurrent costa, apex acute; margins serrate to serrulate in distal half; laminae 1- or 2-stratose above, sometimes 2-stratose in patches; costa excurrent, 1/4–1/3 the width of the leaves at base, abaxially toothed or papillose in distal half, abaxial ridges absent, with a row of guide cells, two stereid bands not extending above the leaf middle, adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of cells somewhat differentiated or with a few cells enlarged in both layers, cell walls between lamina cells strongly bulging in distal part of leaf lamina; leaf cells smooth or abaxially prorate above; alar cells mostly 1-stratose or sometimes with a few 2-stratose cells, distinctly differentiated, often extending to costa; proximal laminal cells elongate-rectangular, not pitted or with few pits, (19–)24–33(–42) × (4)5–6(9) µm; distal laminal cells regularly quadrate to short-rectangular, not pitted, (5–)10–11(–16) × (4)5–6(9) µm. <b>Sexual</b> condition dioicous; male plants as tall as female plants but usually more slender; interior perichaetial leaves abruptly long-acuminate, convolute-sheathing. <b>Seta</b> 1–2 cm., solitary, brown or reddish brown. <b>Capsule</b> 1.5–3 mm, straight and erect, smooth, slightly furrowed when dry, reddish brown; operculum 1.5–2 mm. <b>Spores</b> 14–28 µm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Capsules mature in spring.
|habitat=Sandstone, limestone or acidic rock outcrops, bluffs, cliff faces, and boulders in deciduous woodlands, especially along streams, rarely on bases of tree trunks, fallen trees and logs
|elevation=200-1900 m
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;D.C.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Europe;Asia.
|discussion=<p><i>Dicranum fulvum</i> has dull, blackish green plants, especially evident from the leaves on the basal part of the stems, leaves crisped when dry, broad costae that cover 1/4–1/3 the width of the leaves at base, laminae that are mostly 2-stratose in the distal half of the leaf, and erect, cylindrical capsules that are slightly furrowed when dry. It is sometimes confused with <i>D. fuscescens</i> but that species has keeled leaves in the distal half, with 2-stratose regions restricted to the margins, and horizontal capsules, whereas <i>D. fulvum</i> has subtubulose leaves, with almost entirely 2-stratose laminae above, and erect capsules. When <i>D. fulvum</i> has some of its leaf apices broken off, which is not uncommon, it can be confused with <i>D. viride</i>, which has the majority of its leaf tips absent. The usual occurrence on rock of plants of <i>D. fulvum</i> as opposed to the usual occurrence on bases of tree trunks of <i>D. viride</i> often gives some clue to their identity. Morphologically, the proximal leaf cells of the two differ: <i>D. fulvum</i> has shorter cells, averaging 24–33 µm, compared to the longer cells of <i>D. viride</i>, averaging 33–42 µm.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Dicranum fulvum
|authority=Hooker
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Dicranaceae
|phenology=Capsules mature in spring.
|habitat=Sandstone, limestone or acidic rock outcrops, bluffs, cliff faces, and boulders in deciduous woodlands, especially along streams, rarely on bases of tree trunks, fallen trees and logs
|elevation=200-1900 m
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;D.C.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Europe;Asia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Musci Exot.
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V27/V27_592.xml
|genus=Dicranum
|species=Dicranum fulvum
}}<!--

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