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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="trunk shape;branch shape"><b>Trunks </b>and branches terete.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bark width;bark arrangement;bark relief;bark architecture;bark condition or fragility;sheet width;sheet width"><b>Bark </b>thin, close or exfoliating in thin sheets, becoming thicker and frequently furrowed or broken in age;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="lenticel presence;lenticel prominence;lenticel size">lenticels often present, prominent, sometimes becoming greatly expanded horizontally.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="bark architecture;wood architecture"><b>Bark </b>and wood strongly tanniferous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="twig life cycle;bud life cycle;gland size;gland size;gland size;gland coating"><b>Young </b>twigs and buds often covered with small to large, resinous glands;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="pith shape">pith triangular in cross-section.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>3-ranked, occasionally nearly 2-ranked.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower architecture;perianth prominence;perianth size;perianth texture;sepal atypical quantity;sepal quantity"><b>Staminate </b>flowers: perianth of 4 (–6) sepals, well defined, minute, membranaceous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower architecture;flower quantity;scale arrangement;catkin shape"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers 2–3 per scale, scales arranged in conelike catkins;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="perianth prominence">perianth not obvious;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="integument quantity">ovules with 1 integument.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="infructescence some measurement;infructescence shape;scale quantity"><b>Infructescences </b>1–4 cm, conelike, composed of many scales;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="scale duration;scale duration;scale arrangement;scale size;scale texture;scale texture">scales either persistent or deciduous with fruits, crowded, small, woody or leathery.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="samara size;lateral wing quantity;lateral wing texture;lateral wing size"><b>Fruits </b>tiny samaras, lateral wings 2, membranous, sometimes reduced to ridges;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="pericarp width;pericarp texture">pericarp thin, leathery.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trunks </b>and branches terete. <b>Bark</b> thin, close or exfoliating in thin sheets, becoming thicker and frequently furrowed or broken in age; lenticels often present, prominent, sometimes becoming greatly expanded horizontally. <b>Bark</b> and wood strongly tanniferous. <b>Young</b> twigs and buds often covered with small to large, resinous glands; pith triangular in cross section. <b>Leaves</b> 3-ranked, occasionally nearly 2-ranked. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: perianth of 4(–6) sepals, well defined, minute, membranaceous. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers 2–3 per scale, scales arranged in conelike catkins; perianth not obvious; ovules with 1 integument. <b>Infructescences</b> 1–4 cm, conelike, composed of many scales; scales either persistent or deciduous with fruits, crowded, small, woody or leathery. <b>Fruits</b> tiny samaras, lateral wings 2, membranous, sometimes reduced to ridges; pericarp thin, leathery.</span><!-- |
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| | -->{{#Taxon: | | -->{{#Taxon: |
| | name=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae | | name=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae |
| − | |author=
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| | |authority=Koehne | | |authority=Koehne |
| | |rank=subfamily | | |rank=subfamily |
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| | |publication year= | | |publication year= |
| | |special status= | | |special status= |
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_70.xml | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_70.xml |
| | |subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae | | |subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae |
| − | |bark architecture=tanniferous;furrowed
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| − | |bark arrangement=close
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| − | |bark condition or fragility=broken
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| − | |bark relief=exfoliating
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| − | |bark width=thin
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| − | |branch shape=terete
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| − | |bud life cycle=young
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| − | |catkin shape=conelike
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| − | |flower architecture=pistillate;staminate
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| − | |flower quantity=2;3
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| − | |gland coating=resinous
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| − | |gland size=small;large
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| − | |infructescence shape=conelike
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| − | |infructescence some measurement=1cm;4cm
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| − | |integument quantity=1
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| − | |lateral wing quantity=2
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| − | |lateral wing size=reduced
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| − | |lateral wing texture=membranous
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| − | |leaf arrangement=2-ranked;3-ranked
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| − | |lenticel presence=absent
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| − | |lenticel prominence=prominent
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| − | |lenticel size=expanded
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| − | |perianth prominence=not obvious;defined
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| − | |perianth size=minute
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| − | |perianth texture=membranaceous
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| − | |pericarp texture=leathery
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| − | |pericarp width=thin
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| − | |pith shape=triangular
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| − | |samara size=tiny
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| − | |scale arrangement=crowded;arranged
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| − | |scale duration=deciduous;persistent
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| − | |scale quantity=many
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| − | |scale size=small
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| − | |scale texture=leathery;woody
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| − | |sepal atypical quantity=4;6
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| − | |sepal quantity=4
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| − | |sheet width=thicker;thin
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| − | |trunk shape=terete
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| − | |twig life cycle=young
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| − | |wood architecture=tanniferous
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| | }}<!-- | | }}<!-- |
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| | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Betulaceae]] | | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Betulaceae]] |
Trunks and branches terete. Bark thin, close or exfoliating in thin sheets, becoming thicker and frequently furrowed or broken in age; lenticels often present, prominent, sometimes becoming greatly expanded horizontally. Bark and wood strongly tanniferous. Young twigs and buds often covered with small to large, resinous glands; pith triangular in cross section. Leaves 3-ranked, occasionally nearly 2-ranked. Staminate flowers: perianth of 4(–6) sepals, well defined, minute, membranaceous. Pistillate flowers 2–3 per scale, scales arranged in conelike catkins; perianth not obvious; ovules with 1 integument. Infructescences 1–4 cm, conelike, composed of many scales; scales either persistent or deciduous with fruits, crowded, small, woody or leathery. Fruits tiny samaras, lateral wings 2, membranous, sometimes reduced to ridges; pericarp thin, leathery.
Distribution
Primarily boreal and cool temperate zones of Northern Hemisphere
Discussion
Genera 2, species 60 (2 genera, 26 species in the flora).
Selected References
None.