View source for Asteraceae tribe Calenduleae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Asteraceae tribe Calenduleae
|accepted_authority=Cassini
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts
|place=88: 161. 1819
|year=1819
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Calenduleae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Calenduleae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 6, 12, 379
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, shrubs, or trees. <b>Leaves</b> cauline [rosulate]; usually alternate, sometimes opposite; petiolate or sessile; margins usually entire or dentate, sometimes lobed to dissected. <b>Heads</b> heterogamous (radiate), borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays. <b>Calyculi</b> 0 (peduncular bractlets sometimes intergrade with phyllaries). <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent, in (1–)2(–3) series, distinct [connate], usually ± equal, usually herbaceous (sometimes fleshy), margins and/or apices ± scarious. <b>Receptacles</b> flat to conic, epaleate (sometimes bristly-setose). <b>Ray</b> florets in 1–2+ series (more in horticultural “doubles”), pistillate, fertile [styliferous and sterile or neuter]; corollas usually yellow to orange and/or cyanic to white (abaxial and adaxial faces often different colors). <b>Disc</b> florets usually functionally staminate, sometimes bisexual and fertile; corollas yellow, orange, or cyanic (sometimes combinations within corollas), lobes 5, ± deltate (tips sometimes terete or dilated); anther bases ± tailed, apical appendages ovate to deltate; styles abaxially papillate (at least near tips), branches sometimes barely discernible (0.5–1 mm), adaxially stigmatic in 2 lines from bases to apices, apices rounded to truncate, appendages penicillate or essentially none. <b>Cypselae</b> usually polymorphic within heads (straight, arcuate, contorted, or ± coiled), ± columnar to prismatic, sometimes obcompressed, compressed, or flattened, sometimes ± beaked, bodies usually tuberculate, ridged, and/or winged (usually glabrous; blue-black and drupelike in Chrysanthemoides); pappi 0 [bristles].</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=most in Africa;also Atlantic Islands;Europe;and sw Asia;some are widely cultivated and become ± established in local floras.
|discussion=<p>Genera ca. 8, species 100+ (4 genera, 7 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Plants of Dimorphotheca cuneata (Thunberg) Lessing, a native of southern Africa, have been collected outside cultivation in Arizona (Gila County, ca. 1000 m): subshrubs or shrubs to 100 cm, leaves cuneate to obovate, 1–2(–3)cm, margins dentate to denticulate, faces ± glutinous, phyllaries usually 13, 6–9 mm, ray corollas abaxially bluish to violet, adaxially white, disc cypselae obovate to nearly orbiculate, 10 mm.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=norlindh1943a
|text=Norlindh, T. 1943. Studies in the Calenduleae 1. Monograph of the Genera Dimorphotheca, Castalis, Osteospermum, Gibbaria, and Chrysanthemoides. Lund.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Shrubs or trees; cypselae fleshy (drupelike)
|[[Chrysanthemoides|Chrysanthemoides]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Annuals, perennials, or shrubs; cypselae not fleshy (often tuberculate or ridged and/or winged)
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Disc florets bisexual (some or all fertile)
|[[Dimorphotheca|Dimorphotheca]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Disc florets all functionally staminate
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Cypselae arcuate to ± coiled, abaxially tuberculate, sometimes winged
|[[Calendula|Calendula]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Cypselae triquetrous-prismatic to clavate, ± tuberculate and/or winged
|[[Osteospermum|Osteospermum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Asteraceae tribe Calenduleae
|author=
|authority=Cassini
|rank=tribe
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|distribution=most in Africa;also Atlantic Islands;Europe;and sw Asia;some are widely cultivated and become ± established in local floras.
|introduced=true
|reference=norlindh1943a
|publication title=J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts
|publication year=1819
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_612.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Calenduleae
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae]]