View source for Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Chaenactidinae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Chaenactidinae
|accepted_authority=Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl.
|place=34: 63. 1914
|year=1914
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Undefined (tribe Undefined) subtribe Bahiinae
|authority=Rydberg
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Undefined (tribe Undefined) subtribe Palafoxiinae
|authority=Rydberg
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Chaenactidinae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Chaenactidinae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 5, 253
|treatment_page=page 364
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, or treelets, 1–80(–300) cm (some rhizomatous or with woody caudices). <b>Leaves</b> basal, basal and cauline, or cauline; opposite or alternate; usually petiolate, sometimes sessile; blades mostly cordate, deltate, elliptic, lanceolate, linear, oblanceolate, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic, or spatulate, often 1–2-pinnately or -ternately lobed (lobes mostly filiform to linear, lanceolate, or oblanceolate), ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces ± lanate to woolly, or hispidulous to scabrellous or strigose, sometimes glabrescent, sometimes stipitate-glandular, rarely glabrous, often gland-dotted. <b>Heads</b> usually radiate, sometimes discoid, rarely radiant (<i>Chaenactis</i> spp.), borne singly, or in clusters, or in corymbiform, cymiform, or paniculiform arrays. <b>Calyculi</b> usually 0 (sometimes 1–3 bractlets in <i>Schkuhria</i>). <b>Involucres</b> campanulate to narrowly cylindric or obconic, or hemispheric to rotate. <b>Phyllaries</b> usually persistent, 4–60+ in 1–4+ series (usually erect at flowering, usually reflexed in fruit, usually distinct, basally coherent in some <i>Arnica</i> spp., mostly lance-ovate, linear, or ovate, unequal to subequal, mostly herbaceous to membranous, outer foliaceous in <i>Venegasia</i>). <b>Receptacles</b> conic, flat, or hemispheric, often knobby or pitted (sometimes hairy or gland-dotted), usually epaleate (paleae sometimes subulate scales in <i>Chaenactis</i>; in <i>Bartlettia</i>, linear, membranous, hairy scales, each appressed to and shed with an associated cypsela may be interpreted as paleae). <b>Ray</b> florets 0 (corollas of peripheral florets sometimes notably larger than those of the inner, then zygomorphic, showy, and somewhat raylike, e.g., <i>Chaenactis</i> spp.) or (1–)4–21(–60+), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, orange, red, purplish, or whitish (persistent, marcescent in <i>Arnica dealbata</i>). <b>Disc</b> florets 4–200+, usually bisexual, fertile (functionally staminate in <i>Arnica dealbata</i>); corollas yellow, orange, purplish, or whitish, usually hairy and/or gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular, tubes shorter than to longer than cylindric or campanulate to funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate to linear; anther thecae pale; stigmatic papillae in 2 lines. <b>Cypselae</b> mostly obpyramidal and 4–5-angled, sometimes clavate, columnar, cylindric, or fusiform, sometimes compressed and ± linear (e.g., <i>Chaenactis</i>, <i>Hulsea</i>) or obcompressed (e.g., <i>Arnica dealbata</i>, <i>Bartlettia</i>; lengths usually 3+ times diams.), faces usually hairy and/or gland-dotted; pappi falling, fragile, or persistent, usually of 6–80 distinct or basally connate bristles, or of 4–20 distinct (or basally connate) scales, all, some, or none aristate, sometimes pappi none.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;South America (Bahia).
|discussion=<p>Genera 25, species 129 (19 genera, 83 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The circumscription of Chaenactidinae used here (that of H. Robinson 1981) contrasts sharply with that of B. G. Baldwin (Baldwin and B. L. Wessa 2000; Baldwin et al. 2002). Baldwin included <i>Chaenactis</i>, <i>Dimeresia</i> (here segregated in Dimeresiinae), and <i>Orochaenactis</i> in his Chaenactidinae (as sole subtribe in his Chaenactideae) and placed other genera of Chaenactidinae in the sense of Robinson as follows: <i>Amauriopsis</i>, <i>Bahia</i>, <i>Bartlettia</i>, <i>Chamaechaenactis</i>, <i>Florestina</i>, <i>Hymenothrix</i>, <i>Palafoxia</i>, <i>Peucephyllum</i>, <i>Picradeniopsis</i>, <i>Platyschkuhria</i>, <i>Psathyrotopsis</i>, and <i>Schkuhria</i> in Bahiinae (in Bahieae); <i>Arnica</i> in Arnicinae (in Madieae); <i>Hulsea</i> in Hulseinae (in Madieae); <i>Syntrichopappus</i> in Baeriinae (in Madieae); <i>Venegasia</i> in Venegasiinae (in Madieae); and <i>Jamesianthus</i> in Pectidinae (in Tageteae).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pappi wholly or partially of bristles (pappi 0 and ray corollas whitish with red veins in Syntrichopappus lemmonii)
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pappi none or wholly of scales (all, some, or no scales aristate)
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves all or mostly opposite
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves mostly alternate (sometimes mostly basal)
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Phyllaries 8–23 in (1–)2 series (subequal); pappi persistent, of 10–50 bristles
|[[Arnica|Arnica]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Phyllaries 14–18+ in ± 3 series (unequal); pappi fragile, of 6–8+ bristles
|[[Jamesianthus|Jamesianthus]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Shrubs or treelets; leaf blades linear-filiform
|[[Peucephyllum|Peucephyllum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Annuals or perennials; leaf blades mostly deltate, elliptic, or rhombic
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Cypselae obcompressed (each shed together with a subtending, linear, membranous scale, margins ciliate)
|[[Bartlettia|Bartlettia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Cypselae clavate, fusiform, obconic, or obpyramidal (margins not ciliate)
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Ray florets 5–8; pappi 0, or ± fragile (falling in whole of fragmented rings), of 25–40 basally connate or coherent bristles in 1–2 series
|[[Syntrichopappus|Syntrichopappus]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Ray florets 0; pappi persistent, of 70–90 distinct, unequal bristles in 2–3series
|[[Psathyrotopsis|Psathyrotopsis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves all or mostly cauline, usually all or mostly opposite (distal sometimes, usually in Bahia, alternate)
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves all or mostly basal, or mostly cauline, mostly alternate (proximal sometimes opposite)
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaves woolly; rays 5–12 (corollas persistent, marcescent); disc florets usually functionally staminate; cypselae obovoid or plumply fusiform, smooth or ca. 20-ribbed
|[[Arnica|Arnica]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaves usually ± hairy (not woolly, hairs white, straight, often bulbous, conic, or fusiform, 0.1–0.8 mm), sometimes glabrous, sometimes stipitate-glandular, usually gland-dotted; rays 0, or 1–15 (corollas withering, not marcescent); disc florets bisexual, fertile; cypselae obpyramidal, mostly 4-angled
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Phyllaries 4–9(–12, margins often purplish or yellowish)
|[[Schkuhria|Schkuhria]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Phyllaries 6–18+ (margins rarely purplish, not yellowish)
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 10–80+ cm; leaves all or mostly opposite (if perennials, blades lanceolate to oblong, 2–20+ mm wide), or all ormostly alternate
|[[Bahia|Bahia]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Perennials, 3–20+ cm; leaves all or mostly opposite (blades or lobes lanceolate to lance-linear, mostly 1–8 mm wide)
|[[Picradeniopsis|Picradeniopsis]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Phyllaries 20–40+ in 3–4+ series (unequal, outer spreading or reflexed at flowering, rotund to broadly ovate, foliaceous)
|[[Venegasia|Venegasia]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Phyllaries mostly 4–21(–60+ in Hulsea; subequal to unequal, all ± erect at flowering, mostly lanceolate, linear, oblanceolate, obovate, or spatulate, not foliaceous)
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Disc corolla lobes lance-linear, lance-oblong, or linear (lengths mostly 2+ times widths)
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Disc corolla lobes mostly deltate, lance-deltate, lanceolate, or ovate (lengths mostly 1–2 times widths, sometimes longer in zygomorphic corollas of some Chaenactis spp.)
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Pappus scales 12–18
|[[Hymenothrix|Hymenothrix]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Pappus scales 4–12
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Leaf blades broadly lanceolate to linear (not lobed); corollas usually pinkish or purplish, sometimes whitish; cypselae densely to sparsely hairy (hairs straight)
|[[Palafoxia|Palafoxia]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Leaf blades (at least mid-cauline) 3- or 5-lobed or -foliolate (blades or leaflets broadly to narrowly oblong to ovate); corollas whitish; cypselae sparsely hairy (hairs curled)
|[[Florestina|Florestina]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Leaves sparsely to densely hirtellous, scabrellous, or strigose (hairs white, straight, often conic or fusiform, 0.1–0.8 mm), sometimes glabrescent, sometimes stipitate-glandular, usually gland-dotted; cypselae obpyramidal, 4-angled
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Leaves mostly sparsely lanate, tomentose, or woolly (hairs crisped, tangled or matted, mostly 0.8+ mm), sometimes glabrescent, or finely granular-pubescent (hairs bulbous, less than 0.2 mm), or glabrous, sometimes stipitate-glandular or gland-dotted; cypselae clavate, ± cylindric, or obconic, often compressed and ± linear, obscurely, if at all, 4-angled (sometimes obscurely 8–20-angled)
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Leaves mostly cauline, blades deltate, oblong, or ovate overall, usually 1–2-ternately lobed
|[[Amauriopsis|Amauriopsis]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Leaves mostly basal or basal and cauline, blades cordate, elliptic, lanceolate, ovate or rounded
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Plants mostly 10–50+ cm; leaf blades mostly lanceolate, sometimes ± ovate; heads borne singly or in corymbiform to paniculiformarrays; rays 6–12
|[[Platyschkuhria|Platyschkuhria]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Plants 2–7(–9) cm (10–20+ cm across); leaf blades cordate, elliptic,ovate, or rounded; heads borne singly; rays 0
|[[Chamaechaenactis|Chamaechaenactis]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Ray florets 9–60+
|[[Hulsea|Hulsea]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Ray florets 0 (corollas of peripheral florets sometimes zygomorphic and larger than inner, heads radiant)
|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Heads borne singly or in ± cymiform arrays; disc florets 8–70+
|[[Chaenactis|Chaenactis]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Heads borne singly or (2–5) in clusters (at stem tips); disc florets 4–9
|[[Orochaenactis|Orochaenactis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Chaenactidinae
|author=
|authority=Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.
|rank=subtribe
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Undefined (tribe Undefined) subtribe Bahiinae;Undefined (tribe Undefined) subtribe Palafoxiinae
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;South America (Bahia).
|reference=None
|publication title=in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl.
|publication year=1914
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_914.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Chaenactidinae
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]