View source for Anisocarpus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Anisocarpus
|accepted_authority=Nuttall
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s.
|place=7: 388. 1841
|year=1841
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Madiinae;Anisocarpus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Madiinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Anisocarpus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek anisos, unequal or dissimilar, and karpos, fruit, alluding to contrasting ray (fertile) and disc (sterile) ovaries in type species
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 255, 300
|treatment_page=page 299
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials,</b> 10–80 cm. <b>Stems</b> erect, branched from bases or throughout. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline; proximal opposite (sometimes rosettes), distal alternate; ± sessile; blades oblong to linear, lance-linear, or oblanceolate, margins entire or toothed, faces hirsute to strigose or pubescent and (distal leaves) stipitate-glandular. <b>Heads</b> radiate or discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform or racemiform arrays. <b>Peduncular</b> bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, and/or spines 0 at tips. <b>Involucres</b> ± globose or broadly ellipsoid to campanulate, 4–6+ mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> 0 (see paleae at receptacles) or falling, 1–3 or 7–15 in 1 series (lanceolate to lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each 1/2 or fully enveloping subtended ray floret proximally, ciliolate, abaxially stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous). <b>Receptacles</b> flat to convex, glabrous or setulose, paleate (paleae falling, in 1 series, between rays and discs, usually connate, sometimes distinct, phyllary-like, more scarious; in discoid heads, functionally an “involucre”). <b>Ray</b> florets 0, 1–3, or 8–15, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. <b>Disc</b> florets 5–30, bisexual and fertile, or functionally staminate; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (styles glabrous proximal to branches; anthers yellow). <b>Ray</b> cypselae (black or grayish) compressed or ± obcompressed, clavate, ± arcuate (basal attachments centered, apices beaked, beaks offset adaxially, 0.2–0.3 mm, faces glabrous or hairy); pappi 0 or coroniform. <b>Disc</b> cypselae (black or grayish) ± terete, clavate (± straight, faces hairy); pappi of 5–8 or 11–21 lanceolate, linear, quadrate, or subulate, ciliolate-plumose, erose, or fimbrillate scales. <b>x</b> = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=w North America.
|discussion=<p>Species 2 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Following B. G. Baldwin (1999b), <i>Anisocarpus</i> comprises two species that have resided in different genera and different tribes. <i>Anisocarpus scabridus</i> was placed in <i>Raillardella</i> or Raillardiopsis—both regarded as members of Senecioneae until S. Carlquist’s (1959) anatomic studies. <i>Anisocarpus madioides</i> was treated in <i>Madia</i> and included in D. D. Keck’s (1959) informal “section <i>Anisocarpus</i>,” along with the other pappose species of <i>Madia</i> in the sense of Keck (now treated in <i>Harmonia</i>, <i>Jensia</i>, and <i>Kyhosia</i>). Molecular phylogenetic data support a sister-group relationship between <i>A. madioides</i> and <i>A. scabridus</i> (Baldwin 1996).</p><!--
--><p><i>Anisocarpus madioides</i> and <i>A. scabridus</i> are the only perennial herbaceous tarweeds that combine non-scapiform capitulescences, radiate heads (at least in part), ellipsoid or spheric involucres, and yellow anthers, and are the only perennials in Madiinae with 2n = 14. The two species are highly distinct ecologically: <i>A. madioides</i> occurs in low- to mid-elevation, forest and woodland understories; <i>A. scabridus</i> occurs on high-elevation, exposed scree slopes and ridges.</p><!--
--><p>Artificial hybrids between the two species are vigorous, easily produced (with <i>Anisocarpus madioides</i> as seed parent), and largely pollen-sterile, except for large, diploid grains. B. G. Baldwin used diploid pollen from an F1 hybrid between <i>A. madioides</i> and <i>A. scabridus</i> in an artificial hybridization with a member of the closely-related Hawaiian silversword alliance, Dubautia knudsenii Hillebrand, a wet-forest tree from Kaua‘i (see M. Barrier et al. 1999).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves dark green, 40–130 mm, margins entire or toothed, apices acute; involucres ± globose, 4–6 mm; ray florets 8–15; disc florets functionally staminate; cypselae compressed; disc pappi of 5–8 linear, lanceolate, or quadrate, fimbrillate or erose scales 0.2–1.5 mm
|[[Anisocarpus madioides|Anisocarpus madioides]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves blue-green to grayish blue-green, 10–30 mm, margins entire, apices acute or obtuse; involucres broadly ellipsoid to campanulate, 6–12 mm; ray florets 0 or 1–3; disc florets bisexual, fertile; ray cypselae ± compressed; disc pappi of 11–21 subulate, ciliate-plumose scales 4–7 mm
|[[Anisocarpus scabridus|Anisocarpus scabridus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Anisocarpus
|author=Bruce G. Baldwin;John L. Strother
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=w North America.
|reference=None
|publication title=Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s.
|publication year=1841
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_733.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Madiinae
|genus=Anisocarpus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Madiinae]]