Difference between revisions of "Ceanothus subg. Ceanothus"
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Revision as of 18:17, 24 September 2019
Shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Branchlets thorn-tipped or not. Leaves alternate; stipules deciduous, thin; blade usually herbaceous, sometimes leathery, margins entire or teeth gland-tipped, at least when young, stomata on abaxial surface not in crypts; pinnately veined or 3-veined from base. Inflorescences usually racemelike or paniclelike, sometimes umbel-like. Capsules not horned, crested or not; ridges between valves absent.
Distribution
North America, Mexico, Central America (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama).
Discussion
Species of subg. Ceanothus not accounted for here are: Ceanothus buxifolius Willdenow ex Schultes f., C. caeruleus, C. depressus Bentham, and C. ochraceus Suessenguth; all are native to Mexico and Central America.
Species 32 (28 in the flora).
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
Key
1 | Branchlets rigid, thorn-tipped; shrubs evergreen. | > 2 |
2 | Leaf blades pinnately veined, adaxial surfaces green, shiny, abaxial surfaces pale green. | Ceanothus spinosus |
2 | Leaf blades 3-veined from base (lateral basal veins sometimes obscure in C. fendleri), adaxial surfaces pale green to dark green or grayish green, dull, abaxial surfaces pale to grayish green. | > 3 |
3 | Leaf blades 20–60 × 10–30 mm, abaxial surfaces pale green, appressed-puberulent, glabrescent, adaxial surfaces grayish green, glabrate. | Ceanothus incanus |
3 | Leaf blades 5–30 × 3–18 mm, abaxial surfaces pale green to grayish green, glabrous, sparsely puberulent, or appressed-villosulous to tomentulose, especially along veins, adaxial surfaces dark to pale green or grayish green, glabrous, glabrate, or appressed-villosulous. | > 4 |
4 | Shrubs 1.5–4 m, stems erect; inflorescences usually paniclelike, sometimes racemelike, (3–)5–15 cm. | Ceanothus leucodermis |
4 | Shrubs 0.5–1.5 m, stems erect, ascending, or spreading; inflorescences umbel-like or racemelike, 1–3.5(–4) cm. | > 5 |
5 | Stems ascending to spreading, not rooting at nodes; leaf blade adaxial surfaces pale to grayish green, glabrate. | Ceanothus cordulatus |
5 | Stems erect, ascending, or spreading, rooting at proximal nodes; leaf blade adaxial surfaces dark green, appressed villosulous or glabrous. | Ceanothus fendleri |
1 | Branchlets flexible to rigid, not thorn-tipped (sometimes weakly thorn-tipped in C. oliganthus); shrubs deciduous, semideciduous, or evergreen. | > 6 |
6 | Leaf blades pinnately veined (proximal pair of secondary veins rarely more prominent and longer than distal pairs). | > 7 |
7 | Leaf blade margins usually entire, rarely denticulate distally, adaxial surfaces glabrous or weakly puberulent. | > 8 |
8 | Shrubs 0.3–0.8 m; inflorescences usually umbel-like, sometimes racemelike. | > 9 |
9 | Sepals, petals, and nectaries white; petioles 0.5–1 mm. | Ceanothus microphyllus |
9 | Sepals, petals, and nectaries blue; petioles 1–3 mm. | Ceanothus foliosus |
8 | Shrubs 1–3 m; inflorescences racemelike to paniclelike. | > 10 |
10 | Shrubs deciduous; leaf blades flat. | > 11 |
11 | Leaf blades 6–25 mm, adaxial surfaces ± shiny; capsules usually not lobed, sometimes weakly lobed. | Ceanothus parvifolius |
11 | Leaf blades 20–80 mm, adaxial surfaces dull; capsules lobed. | Ceanothus integerrimus |
10 | Shrubs evergreen or semideciduous; leaf blades ± cupped. | > 12 |
12 | Sepals and petals usually white, rarely pale blue; capsules lobed, valves viscid, crested; leaf blade adaxial surfaces dull to ± shiny. | Ceanothus palmeri |
12 | Sepals and petals pale blue to blue; capsules not lobed, valves not conspicuously viscid, not or weakly crested; leaf blade adaxial surfaces shiny. | Ceanothus spinosus |
7 | Leaf blade margins serrulate to denticulate (sometimes entire in C. hearstiorum), adaxial surfaces puberulent, pilosulous, villosulous, strigillose, or glandular-papillate, (sometimes glabrous in C. foliosus). | > 13 |
13 | Leaf blade margins not revolute. | > 14 |
14 | Shrubs 0.2–0.3(–0.5) m; stems spreading; capsules 4–5 mm wide; leaf blade surfaces pilosulous. | Ceanothus diversifolius |
14 | Shrubs 1–3.5 m; stems erect to ascending; capsules 3–4 mm wide; leaf blade surfaces villosulous to strigillose or glabrate. | > 15 |
15 | Branchlets green; petiole 1–3 mm; leaf blade margins usually wavy, sometimes not. | Ceanothus foliosus |
15 | Branchlets pale green to grayish green and glaucous; petiole 2–8 mm; leaf blade margins not wavy. | Ceanothus lemmonii |
13 | Leaf blade margins revolute. | > 16 |
16 | Branchlets lanate to woolly, glabrescent; leaf blade abaxial surfaces cobwebby, soon glabrescent; inflorescences paniclelike, 5–15 cm. | Ceanothus parryi |
16 | Branchlets puberulent to tomentulose; leaf blade abaxial surfaces variously hairy, but neither cobwebby nor glabrescent; inflorescences umbel- or racemelike, 1–5(–8) cm. | > 17 |
17 | Leaf blade adaxial surfaces strigillose or sparsely puberulent, not glandular papillate. | > 18 |
18 | Leaf blades oblong, elliptic, or suborbiculate, 6–25 × 4–15 mm, adaxial surfaces sparsely puberulent, veins furrowed. | Ceanothus impressus |
18 | Leaf blades narrowly elliptic, narrowly oblong, or linear, 5–16 × 2–8 mm, adaxial surfaces strigillose, veins not furrowed. | Ceanothus dentatus |
17 | Leaf blade adaxial surfaces glandular-papillate, sometimes also puberulent or villosulous. | > 19 |
19 | Shrubs 1–5 m; stems erect to ascending; leaf blades 12–50 × 6–15 mm; capsules 2–3 mm wide. | Ceanothus papillosus |
19 | Shrubs 0.1–0.3 m; stems prostrate to spreading, some flowering branches ascending; leaf blades 8–20 × 2–10 mm; capsules 4–5 mm wide. | Ceanothus hearstiorum |
6 | Leaf blades 3-veined from base (proximal pair of secondary veins longer than those above, sometimes equaling central vein). | > 20 |
20 | Leaf blade margins usually entire, rarely denticulate or serrulate distally. | > 21 |
21 | Petioles 0.5–1 mm; leaves often fascicled, blades 2–10 × 1–6 mm; se United States. | Ceanothus microphyllus |
21 | Petioles (1–)1.5–12 mm; leaves not fascicled, blades 6–80 × 3–45 mm; w United States. | > 22 |
22 | Branchlets light gray; capsules prominently rugose. | Ceanothus incanus |
22 | Branchlets pale green or green to grayish green or brown; capsules smooth to ± rugulose. | > 23 |
23 | Shrubs 0.5–1 m; leaf blades widely elliptic to suborbiculate; inflorescences umbel-like to racemelike, 1.5–4 cm; sepals and petals white; nectary yellow to yellow-green. | Ceanothus martini |
23 | Shrubs 1–4 m; leaf blades elliptic, oblong-elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate; inflorescences racemelike to paniclelike, 3–25 cm; sepals and petals white or blue; nectary usually white or blue, rarely pink. | > 24 |
24 | Leaf blades 6–25 mm, adaxial surfaces ± shiny; capsules usually not lobed, sometimes weakly lobed. | Ceanothus parvifolius |
24 | Leaf blades (10–)20–80 mm, adaxial surfaces dull; capsules lobed. | Ceanothus integerrimus |
20 | Leaf blade margins serrate, serrulate, or denticulate (rarely entire in C. cyaneus). | > 25 |
25 | Leaf blades (20–)25–100(–130) × 10–64 mm, margins serrate to serrulate, teeth (35–)40–150+; sepals and petals white to cream (sometimes pink-tinged in C. sanguineus, blue in C. arboreus). | > 26 |
26 | Leaf blades leathery, resinous, aromatic, adaxial surfaces shiny. | Ceanothus velutinus |
26 | Leaf blades herbaceous, not resinous, not aromatic, adaxial surfaces dull. | > 27 |
27 | Leaf blades usually elliptic to lanceolate, sometimes ovate or oblanceolate; inflorescences terminal, globose to hemispheric. | Ceanothus herbaceus |
27 | Leaf blades ovate, oblong-ovate, or widely elliptic; inflorescences terminal or axillary, cylindric to conic. | > 28 |
28 | Shrubs evergreen; branchlets brown, tomentulose; sepals, petals, and nectaries blue; California Channel Islands. | Ceanothus arboreus |
28 | Shrubs deciduous; branchlets green to reddish brown, puberulent, glabrescent; sepals, petals, and nectaries usually white to cream, sometimes pink-tinged; mainland United States. | > 29 |
29 | Leaf blade apices usually acuminate to acute, rarely obtuse; capsules not lobed, valves ± rugulose, crested; e North America. | Ceanothus americanus |
29 | Leaf blade apices acute to rounded; capsules weakly lobed near apex, valves smooth, not or sometimes weakly crested; w North America (disjunct in Michigan). | Ceanothus sanguineus |
25 | Leaf blades 5–50 × 3–30 mm, margins usually denticulate, sometimes serrulate (rarely entire in C. cyaneus), teeth 19–71; sepals and petals blue (white in C. martini, rarely white in C. oliganthus and C. thyrsiflorus). | > 30 |
30 | Leaf blade margins revolute. | > 31 |
31 | Branchlets usually round, sometimes ± angled, in cross section, lanate to woolly, glabrescent; leaf blade abaxial surfaces cobwebby, soon glabrescent. | Ceanothus parryi |
31 | Branchlets angled in cross section, sparsely puberulent or glabrous; leaf blade abaxial surfaces puberulent to villosulous. | Ceanothus griseus |
30 | Leaf margins not revolute (sometimes incompletely revolute in C. thyrsiflorus). | > 32 |
32 | Branchlets angled in cross section. | > 33 |
33 | Branchlets often tuberculate (tubercles minute, brownish); inflorescences 15–30(–40) cm, paniclelike; capsules deeply lobed. | Ceanothus cyaneus |
33 | Branchlets not tuberculate; inflorescences 2.5–9 cm, usually racemelike, rarely paniclelike; capsules weakly lobed. | Ceanothus thyrsiflorus |
32 | Branchlets round in cross section (rarely angled in cross section in C. oliganthus). | > 34 |
34 | Sepals and petals white, nectaries pale yellow to yellow-green; leaf blade margins serrulate distal to middle. | Ceanothus martini |
34 | Sepals and petals pale blue to blue, nectaries usually pale to dark blue or purplish blue, rarely white; leaf blade margins denticulate or serrulate most of length. | > 35 |
35 | Branchlets reddish brown to brown; leaf blades ovate to widely elliptic. | > 36 |
36 | Leaf blade abaxial surfaces glabrate to hirtellous; petiole 3–8 mm; capsules 4–7 mm wide. | Ceanothus oliganthus |
36 | Leaf blade abaxial surfaces tomentose to tomentulose; petiole 1–4 mm; capsules 3–4 mm wide. | Ceanothus tomentosus |
35 | Branchlets green, pale green, or grayish green; leaf blades narrowly elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or oblanceolate. | > 37 |
37 | Branchlets green; leaf blades ± folded lengthwise, margins usually ± wavy, sometimes not; capsule valves not or weakly crested. | Ceanothus foliosus |
37 | Branchlets pale green to grayish green and glaucous; leaf blades flat, margins not wavy; capsule valves crested. | Ceanothus lemmonii |