Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Baeriinae

Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1–200 cm. Leaves basal, basal and cauline, or mostly cauline; mostly opposite (Lasthenia) or mostly alternate; usually sessile, sometimes obscurely petiolate; blades (often 1–2 times pinnately lobed) or lobes often linear, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces often ± woolly to tomentose, sometimes glabrate or glabrous, often gland-dotted. Heads radiate, discoid, or disciform, borne singly or in corymbiform, glomerate, or paniculiform arrays. Calyculi 0. Involucres ovoid or obconic to campanulate or hemispheric. Phyllaries persistent, mostly 3–18 in 1–2 series, (erect or reflexed in fruit) distinct or connate, mostly elliptic, lanceolate, ovate, or obovate, usually ± equal, mostly herbaceous, sometimes indurate (at least proximally), flat or weakly cupped at bases, sometimes scarious-margined, often woolly to tomentose, sometimes glabrate or glabrous. Receptacles flat, convex, hemispheric, or conic (smooth, knobby, or pitted, glabrous or hairy), usually epaleate (paleae usually 0, rare in Eriophyllum). Ray florets 0 or 4–21, pistillate, fertile (3–8 peripheral florets pistillate, fertile, corollas tubular in Amblyopappus and Monolopia congdonii); corollas yellow to orange, often darker proximally, sometimes purplish (usually ± bilabiate in Monolopia). Disc florets 2–300, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow to orange, tubes shorter than or about equaling funnelform or campanulate throats, lobes 4–5, deltate, glabrous or papillate; anther thecae usually pale; stigmatic papillae in 2 lines. Cypselae clavate or obovoid to terete, or obpyramidal, sometimes compressed or obcompressed, glabrous, hairy, or papillate (compressed, callous-margined, and ciliolate in Eatonella, Lasthenia chrysantha, and Monolopia congdonii; sometimes winged in Monolopia); pappi 0 or of 1–12+ aristate, erose, laciniate, or truncate scales or awns in 1–2 series (often 2 sorts of scales in combination on 1 cypsela).

Distribution

w North America, Mexico, w South America.

Discussion

Genera 9, species 44 (7 genera, 41 species in the flora).

Members of Baeriinae are found mostly in western North America; there are disjuncts in western South America. H. Robinson (1981) treated Baeriinae as a relatively isolated element among epaleate subtribes of Heliantheae. B. G. Baldwin (in Baldwin et al. 2002) included Baeriinae within Madieae.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

Amblyopappus, Constancea, Eatonella, Eriophyllum, Lasthenia, Monolopia, Pseudobahia

Key

1	Leaves all or mostly opposite	Lasthenia
1	Leaves mostly alternate (proximal sometimes opposite)	> 2
2	Leaves glabrous (often granular-glandular, not woolly)	Amblyopappus
2	Leaves ± woolly or tomentose (usually stems and/or phyllaries as well)	> 3
3	Heads ± disciform (4–7 peripheral florets pistillate, corollas with laminae ca. 0.5 mm)	Monolopia
3	Heads usually radiate, sometimes discoid	> 4
4	Phyllaries usually reflexed in fruit (ray laminae 2–2.5 mm; pappi of 2, ± lacini-ate to nearly entire, often uniaristate scales 1.5–3 mm)	Eatonella
4	Phyllaries usually ± erect in fruit	> 5
5	Ray florets 7–11 (corollas obscurely bilabiate, laminae each opposed by adaxial lobe or tooth)	Monolopia
5	Ray florets 0 or 3–13 (corollas not bilabiate)	> 6
6	Annuals; ray cypselae obcompressed (disc corollas with rings of hairs at bases of limbs)	Pseudobahia
6	Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs; ray cypselae usually prismatic, 4–5-angled (disc corollas without rings of hairs)	> 7
7	Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs; phyllaries 4–13(–15) in 1+ series; pappi 0, or coroniform, or of 6–12+ (distinct) scales (in 1–2 similar or contrasting series)	Eriophyllum
7	Subshrubs; phyllaries 8–16+ in ± 2 series; pappi of 2–6+ (unequal or 2 opposite, longer, and ± equal, basally connate, oblong to subulate) scales (tips acute to erose)	Constancea