familyBerberidaceae
genusAchlys
Show Lower Taxa
Difference between revisions of "Achlys"
Syst. Nat. 2: 35. 1821.
Etymology: Greek Achlus, a god of night
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, deciduous, 2.5-5 dm, glabrous. <b>Rhizomes</b> extensive, branching, producing 1-few foliage leaves or flowering shoots per year. <b>Aerial</b> stems absent. <b>Leaves</b> basal, alternate, 3-foliolate; petiole long, slender. <b>Leaf</b> blade orbiculate in gross outline, 20-40 cm; leaflet blades fan-shaped, entire or lobed, lateral leaflet blades strongly asymmetric, margins entire to coarsely sinuate; venation palmate. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, dense scapose-pedunculate spikes of inconspicuous flowers. <b>Flowers</b> 3-merous, white to cream, 6 mm or less; bracteoles absent; sepals absent; petals absent; stamens 8-10(-13); anthers dehiscing by 2 apically hinged flaps; pollen exine striate; ovaries asymmetrically ellipsoid; placentation marginal, placenta developed only near base of ovary. <b>Fruits</b> follicles with transverse dehiscence, purplish red or brown, curved, furrowed. <b>Seeds</b> 1, brown; aril absent. <b>x</b> = 6.</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
| − | |distribution=North America;Asia (Japan) | + | |distribution=North America;Asia (Japan). |
|discussion=<p>Species 3 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Species 3 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- | ||
--><p>Achlys is of particular interest because of its amphi-Pacific disjunction. Despite the 8000 km or more disjunction, the taxa are remarkably similar in morphology, ecology, and karyology. Japanese populations are diploid; American populations are diploid and tetraploid.</p><!-- | --><p>Achlys is of particular interest because of its amphi-Pacific disjunction. Despite the 8000 km or more disjunction, the taxa are remarkably similar in morphology, ecology, and karyology. Japanese populations are diploid; American populations are diploid and tetraploid.</p><!-- | ||
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|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|family=Berberidaceae | |family=Berberidaceae | ||
| − | |distribution=North America;Asia (Japan) | + | |distribution=North America;Asia (Japan). |
|reference=fukuda1967a;fukuda1970a | |reference=fukuda1967a;fukuda1970a | ||
|publication title=Syst. Nat. | |publication title=Syst. Nat. | ||
|publication year=1821 | |publication year=1821 | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna- | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_251.xml |
|genus=Achlys | |genus=Achlys | ||
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Revision as of 13:36, 27 July 2019
Herbs, perennial, deciduous, 2.5-5 dm, glabrous. Rhizomes extensive, branching, producing 1-few foliage leaves or flowering shoots per year. Aerial stems absent. Leaves basal, alternate, 3-foliolate; petiole long, slender. Leaf blade orbiculate in gross outline, 20-40 cm; leaflet blades fan-shaped, entire or lobed, lateral leaflet blades strongly asymmetric, margins entire to coarsely sinuate; venation palmate. Inflorescences terminal, dense scapose-pedunculate spikes of inconspicuous flowers. Flowers 3-merous, white to cream, 6 mm or less; bracteoles absent; sepals absent; petals absent; stamens 8-10(-13); anthers dehiscing by 2 apically hinged flaps; pollen exine striate; ovaries asymmetrically ellipsoid; placentation marginal, placenta developed only near base of ovary. Fruits follicles with transverse dehiscence, purplish red or brown, curved, furrowed. Seeds 1, brown; aril absent. x = 6.
Distribution
North America, Asia (Japan).
Discussion
Species 3 (2 in the flora).
Achlys is of particular interest because of its amphi-Pacific disjunction. Despite the 8000 km or more disjunction, the taxa are remarkably similar in morphology, ecology, and karyology. Japanese populations are diploid; American populations are diploid and tetraploid.
Two species are recognized in this treatment; some researchers prefer to treat them as varieties. In the Californian portion of the range, some field botanists believe the two taxa are sufficiently morphologically distinct to be called species; farther north these differences are reportedly less apparent.
Selected References
Lower Taxa
Key
| 1 | Central leaflet blade 4–11 cm, distal margins (1–)3–4(–8)-lobed; stamens 3–4 mm; follicles red-purple. | Achlys triphylla |
| 1 | Central leaflet blade ca. 7–16 cm, distal margins (3–)6–9(–12)-lobed; stamens 3.8–6 mm; follicles brown. | Achlys californica |