Difference between revisions of "Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae"
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>usually perennial; cespitose or not, sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. <b>Culms</b> 15-1000 cm, annual, herbaceous to somewhat woody, internodes usually hollow. <b>Leaves</b> usually mostly cauline, often conspicuously distichous; sheaths usually open; auricles usually absent; abaxial ligules usually absent (of hairs in Hakonechloa); adaxial ligules membranous or of hairs, if membranous, often ciliate; blades without pseudopetioles, sometimes deciduous at maturity; mesophyll usually non-radiate (radiate in Amnio); adaxial palisade layer absent; fusoid cells absent; arm cells usually absent (present in Phragmites); Kranz anatomy absent; midribs simple; adaxial bulliform cells present; stomatal subsidiary cells low dome-shaped or triangular; bicellular microhairs usually present, usually with long, narrow terminal cells; papillae usually absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> usually terminal, ebracteate, usually paniculate, occasionally spicate or racemose. <b>Spikelets</b> laterally compressed, with 1-several bisexual florets or all florets unisexual and the species dioecious; florets 1-several, terete or laterally compressed, distal florets often reduced; disarticulation above the glumes. <b>Glumes</b> 2, from shorter than the adjacent lemmas to exceeding the distal florets; lemmas (3)5-7-veined, lanceolate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, sometimes awned; awns 1 or 3, if 3 not fused into a single basal column; paleas subequal to the lemmas; lodicules 2, usually free, occasionally joined at the base, fleshy, usually glabrous, not, scarcely, or heavily vascularized; anthers (1)2-3; ovaries glabrous; styles 2, usually free, bases close together. <b>Caryopses</b> usually punctate (long-linear in Molinia); endosperm hard, without lipid; starch grains compound; haustorial synergids absent; embryos usually large compared to the caryopses, waisted or not; epiblasts absent; scutellar cleft present; mesocotyl internode elongate; embryonic leaf margins usually meeting (overlapping in Hakonechloa). <b>x</b> = 6,9, 10, 12.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>usually perennial; cespitose or not, sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. <b>Culms</b> 15-1000 cm, annual, herbaceous to somewhat woody, internodes usually hollow. <b>Leaves</b> usually mostly cauline, often conspicuously distichous; sheaths usually open; auricles usually absent; abaxial ligules usually absent (of hairs in <i>Hakonechloa</i>); adaxial ligules membranous or of hairs, if membranous, often ciliate; blades without pseudopetioles, sometimes deciduous at maturity; mesophyll usually non-radiate (radiate in Amnio); adaxial palisade layer absent; fusoid cells absent; arm cells usually absent (present in <i>Phragmites</i>); Kranz anatomy absent; midribs simple; adaxial bulliform cells present; stomatal subsidiary cells low dome-shaped or triangular; bicellular microhairs usually present, usually with long, narrow terminal cells; papillae usually absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> usually terminal, ebracteate, usually paniculate, occasionally spicate or racemose. <b>Spikelets</b> laterally compressed, with 1-several bisexual florets or all florets unisexual and the species dioecious; florets 1-several, terete or laterally compressed, distal florets often reduced; disarticulation above the glumes. <b>Glumes</b> 2, from shorter than the adjacent lemmas to exceeding the distal florets; lemmas (3)5-7-veined, lanceolate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, sometimes awned; awns 1 or 3, if 3 not fused into a single basal column; paleas subequal to the lemmas; lodicules 2, usually free, occasionally joined at the base, fleshy, usually glabrous, not, scarcely, or heavily vascularized; anthers (1)2-3; ovaries glabrous; styles 2, usually free, bases close together. <b>Caryopses</b> usually punctate (long-linear in <i>Molinia</i>); endosperm hard, without lipid; starch grains compound; haustorial synergids absent; embryos usually large compared to the caryopses, waisted or not; epiblasts absent; scutellar cleft present; mesocotyl internode elongate; embryonic leaf margins usually meeting (overlapping in <i>Hakonechloa</i>). <b>x</b> = 6,9, 10, 12.</span><!-- |
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name=Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae | name=Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae | ||
| − | |author=Grass Phylogeny Working Group; Kelly W. Allred; | + | |author=Grass Phylogeny Working Group;Kelly W. Allred; |
|authority=Burmeist. | |authority=Burmeist. | ||
|rank=subfamily | |rank=subfamily | ||
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|publication year= | |publication year= | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/200273ad09963decb8fc72550212de541d86569d/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V25/V25_14.xml |
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae | |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae | ||
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-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae]] | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:56, 11 May 2021
Plants usually perennial; cespitose or not, sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Culms 15-1000 cm, annual, herbaceous to somewhat woody, internodes usually hollow. Leaves usually mostly cauline, often conspicuously distichous; sheaths usually open; auricles usually absent; abaxial ligules usually absent (of hairs in Hakonechloa); adaxial ligules membranous or of hairs, if membranous, often ciliate; blades without pseudopetioles, sometimes deciduous at maturity; mesophyll usually non-radiate (radiate in Amnio); adaxial palisade layer absent; fusoid cells absent; arm cells usually absent (present in Phragmites); Kranz anatomy absent; midribs simple; adaxial bulliform cells present; stomatal subsidiary cells low dome-shaped or triangular; bicellular microhairs usually present, usually with long, narrow terminal cells; papillae usually absent. Inflorescences usually terminal, ebracteate, usually paniculate, occasionally spicate or racemose. Spikelets laterally compressed, with 1-several bisexual florets or all florets unisexual and the species dioecious; florets 1-several, terete or laterally compressed, distal florets often reduced; disarticulation above the glumes. Glumes 2, from shorter than the adjacent lemmas to exceeding the distal florets; lemmas (3)5-7-veined, lanceolate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, sometimes awned; awns 1 or 3, if 3 not fused into a single basal column; paleas subequal to the lemmas; lodicules 2, usually free, occasionally joined at the base, fleshy, usually glabrous, not, scarcely, or heavily vascularized; anthers (1)2-3; ovaries glabrous; styles 2, usually free, bases close together. Caryopses usually punctate (long-linear in Molinia); endosperm hard, without lipid; starch grains compound; haustorial synergids absent; embryos usually large compared to the caryopses, waisted or not; epiblasts absent; scutellar cleft present; mesocotyl internode elongate; embryonic leaf margins usually meeting (overlapping in Hakonechloa). x = 6,9, 10, 12.
Discussion
The Arundinoideae are interpreted here as including only one tribe, the Arundineae. The tribe used to be interpreted more broadly (e.g., Watson et al. 1985; Clayton and Renvoize 1986; Kellogg and Campbell 1987), but the broader interpretation was generally acknowledged to be somewhat artificial. Hsiao et al. (1998) showed support for inclusion of the Danthonieae, Aristideae, and Amndineae in a more broadly interpreted Arundinoideae, but other studies (e.g., Hilu et al. 1990; Barker et al. 1995, 1998; Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001) have failed to support such a treatment.