FNA>Volume Importer |
|
| (8 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 7: |
Line 7: |
| | |year=1909 | | |year=1909 |
| | }} | | }} |
| − | |basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym |
| − | |name=Cereus subsect. Canthocereus | + | |name=Cereus subsect. Acanthocereus |
| | |authority=Engelmann ex A. Berger | | |authority=Engelmann ex A. Berger |
| | + | |rank=subsection |
| | + | |publication_title=Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. |
| | + | |publication_place=16: 77. 1905 |
| | }} | | }} |
| | |synonyms= | | |synonyms= |
| Line 20: |
Line 23: |
| | }}<!-- | | }}<!-- |
| | | | |
| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub orientation;shrub orientation;shrub orientation;shrub orientation;shrub growth form;shrub architecture;thicket prominence"><b>Shrubs,</b> erect to arching, clambering, or climbing, often sparingly branched, sometimes forming impenetrable thickets.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root density;root derivation"><b>Roots </b>diffuse, adventitious where arching stems touch soil.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem shape;stem architecture;stem coloration;stem shape;stem shape;stem atypical length;stem length;stem atypical width;stem width"><b>Stems </b>segmented or unsegmented, green, greatly elongate, angled, 30–400 [–700] × (4–) 6–10 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="rib atypical count;rib count;rib shape;rib shape;rib shape;rib prominence;rib some measurement;rib depth;rib thickness;rib crest shape">ribs 3–5 [–7], narrowly triangular to winglike, very prominent, 3–5 cm deep, less than 1 cm thick, rib crests undulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="areole arrangement;areole some measurement;areole arrangement;areole shape;areole shape;areole shape;areole height or length or size;areole pubescence">areoles widely spaced, located next to sinuses, 2–5 cm apart along ribs, circular to oval, short woolly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="spine atypical count;spine count;spine orientation;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine life cycle;spine coloration;spine course;spine shape;spine shape;spine shape;spine shape;spine shape;longest spine atypical some measurement;longest spine some measurement;longest spine texture"><b>Spines </b>[0–] 4–10 per areole, diffusely spreading, brown or reddish [white, yellowish, or black], aging gray, ± straight, acicular to subulate, terete or somewhat flattened, longest spines 10–40 [–70] mm, hard;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="spine arrangement;spine atypical count;spine count;spine some measurement">radial spines [0–] 6–8 per areole, 5–25 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="central spine atypical count;central spine atypical count;central spine count;central spine some measurement">central spines [0–] 1–2 [–4] per areole, 0–40 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower duration;flower position;flower position;flower position;flower life cycle;flower shape;flower atypical some measurement;flower atypical some measurement;flower some measurement;stem count"><b>Flowers </b>nocturnal, lateral to terminal on stems 1 or more years old, at adaxial edge of areoles, funnelform, [11–] 14–20 [–25] cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal shape;outer tepal length;outer tepal width">outer tepals green or purple-tinged, lanceolate-linear, 3–5 × 1 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="inner tepal coloration;inner tepal shape;inner tepal shape;inner tepal shape;inner tepal length;inner tepal width;margin shape;margin shape">inner tepals white, broadly linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 5–15 × 1–4 cm, margins entire or minutely denticulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="ovary architecture or pubescence;ovary architecture or shape;wool height or length or size">ovary minutely scaly, spiny [spineless], with short wool;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stigma lobe count;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe some measurement">stigma lobes 10–15, white, to 12 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="fruit dehiscence;fruit dehiscence;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit atypical some measurement;fruit some measurement;fruit texture;fruit texture;fruit architecture or pubescence;fruit architecture or shape"><b>Fruits </b>indehiscent or irregularly dehiscent longitudinally, red to red-purple, spheric, ovoid, ellipsoid, oblong, or pyriform, 30–80 [–120] mm, fleshy or juicy [tough in A. columbianus], scaly, spiny [or spineless];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="scale duration">scales deciduous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pulp coloration">pulp red;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="floral remnant duration">floral remnant persistent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed some measurement;seed architecture or pubescence or relief;seed reflectance"><b>Seeds </b>black, broadly obovoid, to 4.8 mm, smooth and shiny;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="">testa cells flat.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="testa cell prominence or shape;x chromosome count">x = 11.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> erect to arching, clambering, or climbing, often sparingly branched, sometimes forming impenetrable thickets. <b>Roots</b> diffuse, adventitious where arching stems touch soil. <b>Stems</b> segmented or unsegmented, green, greatly elongate, angled, 30–400[–700] × (4–)6–10 cm; ribs 3–5[–7], narrowly triangular to winglike, very prominent, 3–5 cm deep, less than 1 cm thick, rib crests undulate; areoles widely spaced, located next to sinuses, 2–5 cm apart along ribs, circular to oval, short woolly. <b>Spines</b> [0–]4–10 per areole, diffusely spreading, brown or reddish [white, yellowish, or black], aging gray, ± straight, acicular to subulate, terete or somewhat flattened, longest spines 10–40[–70] mm, hard; radial spines [0–]6–8 per areole, 5–25 mm; central spines [0–]1–2[–4] per areole, 0–40 mm. <b>Flowers</b> nocturnal, lateral to terminal on stems 1 or more years old, at adaxial edge of areoles, funnelform, [11–]14–20[–25] cm; outer tepals green or purple tinged, lanceolate-linear, 3–5 × 1 cm; inner tepals white, broadly linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 5–15 × 1–4 cm, margins entire or minutely denticulate; ovary minutely scaly, spiny [spineless], with short wool; stigma lobes 10–15, white, to 12 mm. <b>Fruits</b> indehiscent or irregularly dehiscent longitudinally, red to red-purple, spheric, ovoid, ellipsoid, oblong, or pyriform, 30–80[–120] mm, fleshy or juicy [tough in A. columbianus], scaly, spiny [or spineless]; scales deciduous; pulp red; floral remnant persistent. <b>Seeds</b> black, broadly obovoid, to 4.8 mm, smooth and shiny; testa cells flat. <b>x</b> = 11.</span><!-- |
| | | | |
| | -->{{Treatment/Body | | -->{{Treatment/Body |
| | |distribution=se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n and e South America. | | |distribution=se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n and e South America. |
| | |discussion=<p>Species 6 (1 in the flora).</p><!-- | | |discussion=<p>Species 6 (1 in the flora).</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Acanthocereus needs critical taxonomic study. E. F. Anderson (2001) followed W. Barthlott and D. R. Hunt (1993) in recognizing six species; other accounts have recognized up to twelve species or as few as two (A. tetragonus and A. occidentalis Britton & Rose).</p> | + | --><p><i>Acanthocereus</i> needs critical taxonomic study. E. F. Anderson (2001) followed W. Barthlott and D. R. Hunt (1993) in recognizing six species; other accounts have recognized up to twelve species or as few as two (<i>A. tetragonus</i> and <i>A. occidentalis</i> Britton & Rose).</p> |
| | |tables= | | |tables= |
| | |references={{Treatment/Reference | | |references={{Treatment/Reference |
| Line 42: |
Line 45: |
| | |parent rank=subfamily | | |parent rank=subfamily |
| | |synonyms= | | |synonyms= |
| − | |basionyms=Cereus subsect. Canthocereus | + | |basionyms=Cereus subsect. Acanthocereus |
| | |family=Cactaceae | | |family=Cactaceae |
| | |distribution=se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n and e South America. | | |distribution=se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n and e South America. |
| Line 49: |
Line 52: |
| | |publication year=1909 | | |publication year=1909 |
| | |special status= | | |special status= |
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_298.xml | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_298.xml |
| | |subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae | | |subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae |
| | |genus=Acanthocereus | | |genus=Acanthocereus |
| − | |areole arrangement=apart;spaced
| |
| − | |areole height or length or size=short
| |
| − | |areole pubescence=woolly
| |
| − | |areole shape=circular;oval
| |
| − | |areole some measurement=2cm;5cm
| |
| − | |central spine atypical count=2;4
| |
| − | |central spine count=1;2
| |
| − | |central spine some measurement=0mm;40mm
| |
| − | |floral remnant duration=persistent
| |
| − | |flower atypical some measurement=20cm;25cm
| |
| − | |flower duration=nocturnal
| |
| − | |flower life cycle=old
| |
| − | |flower position=lateral;terminal
| |
| − | |flower shape=funnelform
| |
| − | |flower some measurement=14cm;20cm
| |
| − | |fruit architecture or pubescence=scaly
| |
| − | |fruit architecture or shape=spiny
| |
| − | |fruit atypical some measurement=80mm;120mm
| |
| − | |fruit coloration=red;red-purple
| |
| − | |fruit dehiscence=dehiscent;indehiscent
| |
| − | |fruit shape=pyriform;oblong;pyriform;oblong;ellipsoid;ovoid;spheric
| |
| − | |fruit some measurement=30mm;80mm
| |
| − | |fruit texture=juicy;fleshy
| |
| − | |inner tepal coloration=white
| |
| − | |inner tepal length=5cm;15cm
| |
| − | |inner tepal shape=broadly linear;narrowly oblanceolate
| |
| − | |inner tepal width=1cm;4cm
| |
| − | |longest spine atypical some measurement=40mm;70mm
| |
| − | |longest spine some measurement=10mm;40mm
| |
| − | |longest spine texture=hard
| |
| − | |margin shape=denticulate;entire
| |
| − | |outer tepal coloration=purple-tinged;green
| |
| − | |outer tepal length=3cm;5cm
| |
| − | |outer tepal shape=lanceolate-linear
| |
| − | |outer tepal width=1
| |
| − | |ovary architecture or pubescence=scaly
| |
| − | |ovary architecture or shape=spiny
| |
| − | |pulp coloration=red
| |
| − | |rib atypical count=5;7
| |
| − | |rib count=3;5
| |
| − | |rib crest shape=undulate
| |
| − | |rib depth=deep
| |
| − | |rib prominence=prominent
| |
| − | |rib shape=narrowly triangular;winglike
| |
| − | |rib some measurement=3cm;5cm
| |
| − | |rib thickness=0cm;1cm
| |
| − | |root density=diffuse
| |
| − | |root derivation=adventitious
| |
| − | |scale duration=deciduous
| |
| − | |seed architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
| |
| − | |seed coloration=black
| |
| − | |seed reflectance=shiny
| |
| − | |seed shape=obovoid
| |
| − | |seed some measurement=0mm;4.8mm
| |
| − | |shrub architecture=branched
| |
| − | |shrub growth form=climbing
| |
| − | |shrub orientation=clambering;erect;arching
| |
| − | |spine arrangement=radial
| |
| − | |spine atypical count=0;6
| |
| − | |spine coloration=gray;reddish;brown
| |
| − | |spine count=6;8
| |
| − | |spine course=straight
| |
| − | |spine life cycle=aging
| |
| − | |spine orientation=spreading
| |
| − | |spine shape=flattened;terete;acicular;subulate
| |
| − | |spine some measurement=5mm;25mm
| |
| − | |stem architecture=unsegmented
| |
| − | |stem atypical length=400cm;700cm
| |
| − | |stem atypical width=4cm;6cm
| |
| − | |stem coloration=green
| |
| − | |stem count=1
| |
| − | |stem length=30cm;400cm
| |
| − | |stem shape=angled;elongate;segmented
| |
| − | |stem width=6cm;10cm
| |
| − | |stigma lobe coloration=white
| |
| − | |stigma lobe count=10;15
| |
| − | |stigma lobe some measurement=0mm;12mm
| |
| − | |testa cell prominence or shape=flat
| |
| − | |thicket prominence=impenetrable
| |
| − | |wool height or length or size=short
| |
| − | |x chromosome count=11
| |
| | }}<!-- | | }}<!-- |
| | | | |
| | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]] | | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]] |
Shrubs, erect to arching, clambering, or climbing, often sparingly branched, sometimes forming impenetrable thickets. Roots diffuse, adventitious where arching stems touch soil. Stems segmented or unsegmented, green, greatly elongate, angled, 30–400[–700] × (4–)6–10 cm; ribs 3–5[–7], narrowly triangular to winglike, very prominent, 3–5 cm deep, less than 1 cm thick, rib crests undulate; areoles widely spaced, located next to sinuses, 2–5 cm apart along ribs, circular to oval, short woolly. Spines [0–]4–10 per areole, diffusely spreading, brown or reddish [white, yellowish, or black], aging gray, ± straight, acicular to subulate, terete or somewhat flattened, longest spines 10–40[–70] mm, hard; radial spines [0–]6–8 per areole, 5–25 mm; central spines [0–]1–2[–4] per areole, 0–40 mm. Flowers nocturnal, lateral to terminal on stems 1 or more years old, at adaxial edge of areoles, funnelform, [11–]14–20[–25] cm; outer tepals green or purple tinged, lanceolate-linear, 3–5 × 1 cm; inner tepals white, broadly linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 5–15 × 1–4 cm, margins entire or minutely denticulate; ovary minutely scaly, spiny [spineless], with short wool; stigma lobes 10–15, white, to 12 mm. Fruits indehiscent or irregularly dehiscent longitudinally, red to red-purple, spheric, ovoid, ellipsoid, oblong, or pyriform, 30–80[–120] mm, fleshy or juicy [tough in A. columbianus], scaly, spiny [or spineless]; scales deciduous; pulp red; floral remnant persistent. Seeds black, broadly obovoid, to 4.8 mm, smooth and shiny; testa cells flat. x = 11.
Distribution
se United States, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, n and e South America.
Discussion
Species 6 (1 in the flora).
Acanthocereus needs critical taxonomic study. E. F. Anderson (2001) followed W. Barthlott and D. R. Hunt (1993) in recognizing six species; other accounts have recognized up to twelve species or as few as two (A. tetragonus and A. occidentalis Britton & Rose).