Codriophorus

Plants small, medium to large, mostly stiff and rigid, rarely pliant, robust to gracile, in green, yellow, olive, gray-green, brown to blackish mats. Stems creeping to ascending, repeatedly forked to sparsely fasciculately or pinnately branched, sometimes with short, tuft-like horizontal branchlets. Leaves lanceolate, ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, broadly ovate to broadly lingulate, elliptical to oblong-elliptical; margins 1-stratose to variously 2-stratose distally, mostly recurved on one or both sides, entire or erose-dentate to papillose-crenulate or crenate at apex; apices slenderly long-acuminate to rounded, rounded-obtuse to subacute, muticous or seldom with short to long awns, deeply concave to canaliculate-concave; costa single, reaching mid leaf to percurrent, entire or spurred and forked at tip, reniform to strongly flattened abaxially, 2–5-stratose in transverse section, situated in a shallow or deep, narrow- or wide-angled groove; laminal cells 1-stratose throughout to variously 2-stratose distally, elongate to linear throughout or isodiametric to shortly rectangular distally, with sinuose longitudinal walls becoming nodulose and porose with strongly incrassate walls in 2–3 rows at the base, mostly distinctly papillose with large, flat papillae covering longitudinal walls and major parts of the lumina leaving only a narrow groove in the center, occasionally more or less smooth. Perichaetial leaves differentiated, innermost elliptical to lingulate, hyaline throughout or chlorophyllose in the distal part. Seta dextrorse throughout or only with a single torsion to the right proximal to the urn and sinistrorse basally, erect, straight, smooth. Capsule brown, red-brown, or yellow-brown, straight, symmetric or nearly so, ovoid to long-cylindric; exothecial cells isodiametric to elongate, thick-walled; annulus 2–4-seriate; peristome teeth split to base or only to the middle into 2–3 terete, papillose branches. Calyptra distinctly verrucose to papillose distally. Spores spheric, finely papillose.

Distribution

North America, South America (Argentina, Chile, Colombia), Europe, arctic and temperate Asia, n Africa, Atlantic Islands (Azores, Canary Islands, Gough Island, Iceland, Madeira, South Georgia, Tristan da Cunha), Pacific Islands (Hawaiian Islands, Society Islands).

Discussion

Species 15 (9 in the flora).

Selected References

Bednarek-Ochyra, H., D. Lamy, and R. Ochyra. 2001. A note on the moss genus Codriophorus P. Beauv. Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 22: 105–111.

Bednarek-Ochyra, H. 2006. A Taxonomic Monograph of the Moss Genus Codriophorus P. Beauv. (Grimmiaceae). Cracow.

Lower Taxa

Codriophorus sect. Codriophorus, Codriophorus sect. Fascicularia

Key

1	Distal laminal cells mostly short and isodiametric; costa robust and broad, usually more than 80 µm wide basally, 2-3-stratose distally and strongly convex abaxially, 3-6-layered in the basal part, lying at the bottom of a shallow, wide-angled groove; leaves lingulate to broadly ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate; plants absent short, lateral tuft-like branchlets.	Codriophorus sect. Codriophorus
1	Laminal cells short-rectangular to linear throughout; costa fairly weak and narrow, usually less than 70 µm wide basally, 2-stratose and strongly flattened and weakly convex abaxially throughout or 3(-4)-layered and convex on the abaxial side in the proximal portion of the leaf (C. varius), situated at the bottom of a deep, narrow-angled furrow; leaves narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate; plants often with numerous lateral horizontal tuft-like branchlets	Codriophorus sect. Fascicularia