Difference between revisions of "Carex brunnescens"
in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl., Suppl. 3: 286. 1813.
Illustrated
Basionym: Carex curta var. brunnescens Persoon Syn. Pl. 2: 539. 1807
Synonyms: Carex canescens var. brunnescens (Persoon) W. D. J. Koch Carex canescens subsp. brunnescens (Persoon) Ascherson & Graebner
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Mentioned on page 320.
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{{Treatment/ID | {{Treatment/ID | ||
|accepted_name=Carex brunnescens | |accepted_name=Carex brunnescens | ||
| − | |accepted_authority= | + | |accepted_authority=(Persoon) Poiret |
| − | |publications= | + | |publications={{Treatment/Publication |
| − | | | + | |title=in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl., Suppl. |
| − | | | + | |place=3: 286. 1813 |
| + | |year=1813 | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
| + | |code=F | ||
| + | |label=Illustrated | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym | ||
| + | |name=Carex curta var. brunnescens | ||
| + | |authority=Persoon | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
| + | |publication_title=Syn. Pl. | ||
| + | |publication_place=2: 539. 1807 | ||
| + | }} | ||
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
| − | |name=Carex brunnescens | + | |name=Carex canescens var. brunnescens |
| − | |authority= | + | |authority=(Persoon) W. D. J. Koch |
| − | + | |rank=variety | |
| − | |||
| − | | | ||
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
| − | |name=Carex | + | |name=Carex canescens subsp. brunnescens |
| − | + | |authority=(Persoon) Ascherson & Graebner | |
| − | + | |rank=subspecies | |
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}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Carex;Carex sect. Glareosae;Carex brunnescens | |hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Carex;Carex sect. Glareosae;Carex brunnescens | ||
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carex]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Carex sect. Glareosae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Carex brunnescens]]</div></div> | |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carex]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Carex sect. Glareosae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Carex brunnescens]]</div></div> | ||
|volume=Volume 23 | |volume=Volume 23 | ||
| − | |mention_page=page | + | |mention_page=page 320 |
| − | |treatment_page= | + | |treatment_page= |
}}<!-- | }}<!-- | ||
| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Culms </b>erect | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>densely cespitose, in small clumps; rhizomes short. <b>Culms</b> erect to arching, slender, 15–90 cm. <b>Leaves</b>: sheaths relatively tight, pale to mid brown abaxially, inner band thin and hyaline, often concave at summit; ligules as long as wide; blades green to yellowish green, flat, 10–25(–40) cm × 0.5–2 mm, shorter than culms. <b>Inflorescences</b> erect to somewhat nodding, 1.5–7 cm × 3–6 mm; proximal bracts bristlelike-prolonged, shorter than to exceeding spikes; distal bracts usually scalelike. <b>Spikes</b> 5–10, gynecandrous, proximal ± separate, distal closely approximate, containing 5–10 perigynia, sessile, globose to short-oblong, 3–7 × 3–4 mm; terminal spike staminate for less than 1/2 of length, scarcely clavate. <b>Pistillate</b> scales white-hyaline with green, 3-veined center, often brown tinged, ovate, subequal to, not concealing perigynia, apex obtuse to acute. <b>Perigynia</b> appressed-ascending to loosely spreading at maturity, green or brown, often dark brown in age, lightly several-veined, elliptic-ovate, 2–2.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, widest near middle, membranous; beak shor, margin serrulate. <b>Achenes</b> pale to mid brown, ovate-orbiculate, 1.25–1.5 × 0.8–1 mm, glossy. <b>2n</b> = 56.</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
| − | + | |distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;Ga.;Idaho;Ind.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.C.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;Tenn.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia. | |
| − | + | |discussion=<p>Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- | |
| − | + | --><p><i>Carex brunnescens</i> is variable across its wide distribution; it deserves a monographic treatment. Many taxa have been described. Most variation is presumably of ecophenotypic nature; when growing in shady habitats the species is slender and weak and the scales are not or but little colored; in more exposed sites it is stiffer, and the scales become strongly brownish tinged. Only two subspecies are recognized here. Subspecies alaskana and <i></i>subsp.<i> pacifica</i> (see A. Kalela 1965) seem to grade to the typical subsp. brunnescens. A short-leaved plant with short and red tinged perigynia from western United States (Colorado, Montana, Utah, Wyoming) may represent a southern subspecies and should be studied in greater detail.</p> | |
| − | |distribution= | ||
| − | |discussion=<p> | ||
| − | |||
|tables= | |tables= | ||
|references= | |references= | ||
}}<!-- | }}<!-- | ||
| − | --><!-- | + | --><div class="treatment-key"> |
| + | ==Key== | ||
| + | <div class="treatment-key-group"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" | ||
| + | |-id=key-0-1 | ||
| + | |1 | ||
| + | |Culms usually erect or, sometimes, nodding; leaves (1–)1.5–2.5 mm wide; terminal spike ellipsoid to subclavate. | ||
| + | |[[Carex brunnescens subsp. brunnescens|Carex brunnescens subsp. brunnescens]] | ||
| + | |-id=key-0-1 | ||
| + | |1 | ||
| + | |Culms ascending to arching; leaves (0.5–)1–1.5 mm wide; terminal spike often clavate. | ||
| + | |[[Carex brunnescens subsp. sphaerostachya|Carex brunnescens subsp. sphaerostachya]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | </div></div><!-- | ||
-->{{#Taxon: | -->{{#Taxon: | ||
name=Carex brunnescens | name=Carex brunnescens | ||
| − | + | |authority=(Persoon) Poiret | |
| − | |authority= | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
|parent rank=section | |parent rank=section | ||
| − | |synonyms= | + | |synonyms=Carex canescens var. brunnescens;Carex canescens subsp. brunnescens |
| − | |basionyms= | + | |basionyms=Carex curta var. brunnescens |
|family=Cyperaceae | |family=Cyperaceae | ||
| − | + | |distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;Ga.;Idaho;Ind.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.C.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;Tenn.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |distribution= | ||
|reference=None | |reference=None | ||
| − | |publication title= | + | |publication title=in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl., Suppl. |
| − | |publication year= | + | |publication year=1813 |
| − | |special status= | + | |special status=Illustrated |
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_564.xml |
|genus=Carex | |genus=Carex | ||
|section=Carex sect. Glareosae | |section=Carex sect. Glareosae | ||
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}}<!-- | }}<!-- | ||
| − | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Carex sect. Glareosae]] | + | --> |
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Treatment]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Carex sect. Glareosae]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Revised Since Print]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:37, 6 November 2020
Plants densely cespitose, in small clumps; rhizomes short. Culms erect to arching, slender, 15–90 cm. Leaves: sheaths relatively tight, pale to mid brown abaxially, inner band thin and hyaline, often concave at summit; ligules as long as wide; blades green to yellowish green, flat, 10–25(–40) cm × 0.5–2 mm, shorter than culms. Inflorescences erect to somewhat nodding, 1.5–7 cm × 3–6 mm; proximal bracts bristlelike-prolonged, shorter than to exceeding spikes; distal bracts usually scalelike. Spikes 5–10, gynecandrous, proximal ± separate, distal closely approximate, containing 5–10 perigynia, sessile, globose to short-oblong, 3–7 × 3–4 mm; terminal spike staminate for less than 1/2 of length, scarcely clavate. Pistillate scales white-hyaline with green, 3-veined center, often brown tinged, ovate, subequal to, not concealing perigynia, apex obtuse to acute. Perigynia appressed-ascending to loosely spreading at maturity, green or brown, often dark brown in age, lightly several-veined, elliptic-ovate, 2–2.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, widest near middle, membranous; beak shor, margin serrulate. Achenes pale to mid brown, ovate-orbiculate, 1.25–1.5 × 0.8–1 mm, glossy. 2n = 56.
Distribution
Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., N.W.T., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon, Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., Ga., Idaho, Ind., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.C., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., Tenn., Utah, Va., Vt., W.Va., Wash., Wis., Wyo., Eurasia.
Discussion
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
Carex brunnescens is variable across its wide distribution; it deserves a monographic treatment. Many taxa have been described. Most variation is presumably of ecophenotypic nature; when growing in shady habitats the species is slender and weak and the scales are not or but little colored; in more exposed sites it is stiffer, and the scales become strongly brownish tinged. Only two subspecies are recognized here. Subspecies alaskana and subsp. pacifica (see A. Kalela 1965) seem to grade to the typical subsp. brunnescens. A short-leaved plant with short and red tinged perigynia from western United States (Colorado, Montana, Utah, Wyoming) may represent a southern subspecies and should be studied in greater detail.
Selected References
None.
Key
| 1 | Culms usually erect or, sometimes, nodding; leaves (1–)1.5–2.5 mm wide; terminal spike ellipsoid to subclavate. | Carex brunnescens subsp. brunnescens |
| 1 | Culms ascending to arching; leaves (0.5–)1–1.5 mm wide; terminal spike often clavate. | Carex brunnescens subsp. sphaerostachya |