FNA>Volume Importer
 
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree architecture or arrangement or growth form;tree shape;tree shape;tree shape;tree shape;tree growth form;tree habitat;tree orientation;tree growth form;tree growth form;tree orientation;tree architecture;tree architecture;shrub architecture or arrangement or growth form;shrub shape;shrub shape;shrub shape;shrub shape;shrub growth form;shrub habitat;shrub orientation;shrub growth form;shrub growth form;shrub orientation;shrub architecture;shrub architecture;plant height or length or size;plant duration;plant architecture or arrangement or growth form;plant shape;plant shape;plant shape;plant shape;plant growth form;plant habitat;plant orientation;plant growth form;plant growth form;plant orientation;plant architecture;plant architecture"><b>Trees,</b> shrubs, or short perennial plants, solitary to forming mats, columnlike or barrel-shaped to spheric stem succulents, sometimes geophytic or epiphytic, erect to prostrate, scrambling, climbing, or hanging, freely branched or unbranched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root density;taproot shape;taproot architecture"><b>Roots </b>diffuse, taproots, or tuberlike, sometimes adventitous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem shape;stem architecture;stem texture;cortex width;surface architecture or shape;surface relief;surface texture;bark texture;bark pubescence or texture"><b>Stems </b>segmented or unsegmented, usually conspicuously succulent with thick cortex and pith, surface usually ribbed or tuberculate, usually somewhat woody with wood confined to internal ring, bark sometimes becoming proximally hardened and woodlike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="areole arrangement or shape;areole shape;portion architecture or shape;portion arrangement;portion life cycle;areole architecture or shape;areole arrangement;areole life cycle;spine count;glochid count">areoles circular to linear [protracted into finger-shaped shoots in Neoraimondia of South America], hourglass-shaped in some genera, with spiny portion separated from flowering portion by a groove in the stem surface, spiny areoles completely separate from flowering areoles in some genera, bearing 0–90 spines, glochids absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="spine shape;spine shape;spine shape;spine architecture or shape;spine shape;spine architecture;spine architecture or pubescence or relief;spine pubescence or relief;spine coloration or pubescence or relief;spine shape;spine pubescence;epidermis condition;epidermis arrangement"><b>Spines </b>acicular, subulate, daggerlike, ribbonlike, hairlike, or bristlelike, smooth, rough, striate, or annulate-ridged, glabrous (rarely pubescent), epidermis intact, not separating as sheath.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf count;leaf prominence;leaf size;leaf size;leaf some measurement"><b>Leaves </b>absent or rudimentary and microscopic or nearly so, less than 1 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="flower duration;flower duration;flower duration;flower reproduction;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower architecture or shape;flower architecture;flower shape;flower shape;flower shape;flower length or size;flower shape"><b>Flowers </b>diurnal to nocturnal, bisexual (rarely unisexual or functionally so), solitary in areoles (rarely several), radially symmetric (rarely bilateral), sessile, broadly salverform, urceolate, funnelform, or long tubular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower tube position;flower tube prominence;flower tube fusion;flower tube atypical some measurement;flower tube some measurement;ovary position relational">flower tube epigynous, usually conspicuous, adnate to upward extension of stem surrounding ovary, 0.2–15 [–30] cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bract shape;bract architecture or shape;bract count;scale shape;scale architecture or shape;scale size;scale count">triangular leaflike bracts or small scales sometimes present on ovary and flower tube;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="nectary prominence;chamber architecture;base position relational">nectary often apparent, forming open chamber surrounding base of style.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="fruit dehiscence;fruit dehiscence;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit length or size;fruit shape;fruit texture;fruit texture;fruit texture;fruit texture;fruit texture"><b>Fruits </b>dehiscent or indehiscent, depressed-spheric or spheric to long clavate, juicy, fleshy, or dry;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="perianth duration;perianth duration">perianth persistent or deciduous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="seed count;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed some measurement;seed architecture;seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>1–3000+, yellowish, reddish, brown, or black, spheric, comma-shaped, lenticular-reniform, pyriform, or obovoid, 0.4–5 mm, rarely strophiolate, never arillate.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> shrubs, or short perennial plants, solitary to forming mats, columnlike or barrel-shaped to spheric stem succulents, sometimes geophytic or epiphytic, erect to prostrate, scrambling, climbing, or hanging, freely branched or unbranched. <b>Roots</b> diffuse, taproots, or tuberlike, sometimes adventitous. <b>Stems</b> segmented or unsegmented, usually conspicuously succulent with thick cortex and pith, surface usually ribbed or tuberculate, usually somewhat woody with wood confined to internal ring, bark sometimes becoming proximally hardened and woodlike; areoles circular to linear [protracted into finger-shaped shoots in Neoraimondia of South America], hourglass-shaped in some genera, with spiny portion separated from flowering portion by a groove in the stem surface, spiny areoles completely separate from flowering areoles in some genera, bearing 0–90 spines, glochids absent. <b>Spines</b> acicular, subulate, daggerlike, ribbonlike, hairlike, or bristlelike, smooth, rough, striate, or annulate-ridged, glabrous (rarely pubescent), epidermis intact, not separating as sheath. <b>Leaves</b> absent or rudimentary and microscopic or nearly so, less than 1 mm. <b>Flowers</b> diurnal to nocturnal, bisexual (rarely unisexual or functionally so), solitary in areoles (rarely several), radially symmetric (rarely bilateral), sessile, broadly salverform, urceolate, funnelform, or long tubular; flower tube epigynous, usually conspicuous, adnate to upward extension of stem surrounding ovary, 0.2–15[–30] cm; triangular leaflike bracts or small scales sometimes present on ovary and flower tube; nectary often apparent, forming open chamber surrounding base of style. <b>Fruits</b> dehiscent or indehiscent, depressed-spheric or spheric to long clavate, juicy, fleshy, or dry; perianth persistent or deciduous. <b>Seeds</b> 1–3000+, yellowish, reddish, brown, or black, spheric, comma-shaped, lenticular-reniform, pyriform, or obovoid, 0.4–5 mm, rarely strophiolate, never arillate.</span><!--
  
 
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|publication year=1836
 
|publication year=1836
 
|special status=
 
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_293.xml
+
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_293.xml
 
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
 
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
|areole architecture or shape=spiny
 
|areole arrangement=separate
 
|areole arrangement or shape=circular to linear
 
|areole life cycle=flowering
 
|areole shape=hourglass-shaped
 
|bark pubescence or texture=woodlike
 
|bark texture=hardened
 
|base position relational=surrounding
 
|bract architecture or shape=leaflike
 
|bract count=present
 
|bract shape=triangular
 
|chamber architecture=open
 
|cortex width=thick
 
|epidermis arrangement=not separating
 
|epidermis condition=intact
 
|flower architecture=sessile
 
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
 
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric
 
|flower duration=diurnal;nocturnal
 
|flower length or size=long
 
|flower reproduction=bisexual
 
|flower shape=tubular;funnelform;urceolate;salverform
 
|flower tube atypical some measurement=15cm;30cm
 
|flower tube fusion=adnate
 
|flower tube position=epigynous
 
|flower tube prominence=conspicuous
 
|flower tube some measurement=0.2cm;15cm
 
|fruit dehiscence=indehiscent;dehiscent
 
|fruit length or size=long
 
|fruit shape=clavate;spheric;depressed-spheric
 
|fruit texture=dry;fleshy;dry;fleshy;juicy
 
|glochid count=absent
 
|leaf count=absent
 
|leaf prominence=rudimentary
 
|leaf size=nearly;microscopic
 
|leaf some measurement=0mm;1mm
 
|nectary prominence=apparent
 
|ovary position relational=surrounding
 
|perianth duration=deciduous;persistent
 
|plant architecture=unbranched;branched
 
|plant architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
 
|plant duration=perennial
 
|plant growth form=climbing;scrambling;geophytic
 
|plant habitat=epiphytic
 
|plant height or length or size=short
 
|plant orientation=hanging;erect to prostrate
 
|plant shape=barrel-shaped;spheric
 
|portion architecture or shape=spiny
 
|portion arrangement=separated
 
|portion life cycle=flowering
 
|root density=diffuse
 
|scale architecture or shape=leaflike
 
|scale count=present
 
|scale shape=triangular
 
|scale size=small
 
|seed architecture=arillate;strophiolate
 
|seed coloration=black;brown;black;brown;reddish;yellowish
 
|seed count=1;3000
 
|seed shape=obovoid;pyriform;obovoid;pyriform;lenticular-reniform;comma-shaped;spheric
 
|seed some measurement=0.4mm;5mm
 
|shrub architecture=unbranched;branched
 
|shrub architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
 
|shrub growth form=climbing;scrambling;geophytic
 
|shrub habitat=epiphytic
 
|shrub orientation=hanging;erect to prostrate
 
|shrub shape=barrel-shaped;spheric
 
|spine architecture=bristlelike
 
|spine architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
 
|spine architecture or shape=ribbonlike
 
|spine coloration or pubescence or relief=striate
 
|spine count=0;90
 
|spine pubescence=glabrous
 
|spine pubescence or relief=rough
 
|spine shape=annulate-ridged;hairlike;daggerlike;subulate;acicular
 
|stem architecture=unsegmented
 
|stem shape=segmented
 
|stem texture=succulent
 
|surface architecture or shape=ribbed
 
|surface relief=tuberculate
 
|surface texture=woody
 
|taproot architecture=adventitous
 
|taproot shape=tuberlike
 
|tree architecture=unbranched;branched
 
|tree architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
 
|tree growth form=climbing;scrambling;geophytic
 
|tree habitat=epiphytic
 
|tree orientation=hanging;erect to prostrate
 
|tree shape=barrel-shaped;spheric
 
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae]]
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae]]

Revision as of 14:04, 27 July 2019

Trees, shrubs, or short perennial plants, solitary to forming mats, columnlike or barrel-shaped to spheric stem succulents, sometimes geophytic or epiphytic, erect to prostrate, scrambling, climbing, or hanging, freely branched or unbranched. Roots diffuse, taproots, or tuberlike, sometimes adventitous. Stems segmented or unsegmented, usually conspicuously succulent with thick cortex and pith, surface usually ribbed or tuberculate, usually somewhat woody with wood confined to internal ring, bark sometimes becoming proximally hardened and woodlike; areoles circular to linear [protracted into finger-shaped shoots in Neoraimondia of South America], hourglass-shaped in some genera, with spiny portion separated from flowering portion by a groove in the stem surface, spiny areoles completely separate from flowering areoles in some genera, bearing 0–90 spines, glochids absent. Spines acicular, subulate, daggerlike, ribbonlike, hairlike, or bristlelike, smooth, rough, striate, or annulate-ridged, glabrous (rarely pubescent), epidermis intact, not separating as sheath. Leaves absent or rudimentary and microscopic or nearly so, less than 1 mm. Flowers diurnal to nocturnal, bisexual (rarely unisexual or functionally so), solitary in areoles (rarely several), radially symmetric (rarely bilateral), sessile, broadly salverform, urceolate, funnelform, or long tubular; flower tube epigynous, usually conspicuous, adnate to upward extension of stem surrounding ovary, 0.2–15[–30] cm; triangular leaflike bracts or small scales sometimes present on ovary and flower tube; nectary often apparent, forming open chamber surrounding base of style. Fruits dehiscent or indehiscent, depressed-spheric or spheric to long clavate, juicy, fleshy, or dry; perianth persistent or deciduous. Seeds 1–3000+, yellowish, reddish, brown, or black, spheric, comma-shaped, lenticular-reniform, pyriform, or obovoid, 0.4–5 mm, rarely strophiolate, never arillate.

Distribution

Almost throughout New World from southern Canada to s South America, Rhipsalis disjunct to Africa, Madagascar, and Sri Lanka, some species in horticulture almost worldwide.

Discussion

Genera ca. 111, species ca. 1500 (28 genera, 121 species in the flora).

Subfamily Cactoideae is the most diverse group of the Cactaceae, in terms of size, architecture, habitat, and habit. The vast majority of North American species are xerophytic, with columnar to spheric or barrel-shaped stems. A few are geophytic, that is, stems are mostly deep-seated in the soil substrate, often with the plant consisting mostly of an enlarged taproot and the visible parts of the stems appearing nearly flush with the soil surface or nearly buried during drought, becoming taller and slightly more conspicuous only during the growing season. Fewer species still, are epiphytic, and those only in the tropical and subtropical regions of North America and South America.

In the following treatments, most authors have attempted to recognize varieties wherever current evidence is compelling. Where evidence is equivocal, our tendency has been to include greater variability within varieties and, hence, fewer formal trinomials. Unfortunately, in the absence of strong supporting evidence, herbarium specimens of cacti are usually inadequate for the purpose of making taxonomic decisions. As a consequence, some populations of conservation interest here have been placed into synonmy before critical studies have been conducted to determine quantitatively and objectively how distinct each population is, or which deserve varietal status. Authors do not intend to imply that other varieties should not eventually be recognized. More systematic work, including DNA research and field research of all variants, is needed as a prelude to reassessing the status of currently listed and proposed populations. Such populations need to be protected during the entire phase of analysis and reassessment.

Selected References

None.

Bruce D. Parfitt +
Almost throughout New World from southern Canada to s South America +, Rhipsalis disjunct to Africa +, Madagascar +, and Sri Lanka +  and some species in horticulture almost worldwide. +
Bot. Dict. ed. +
Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae +
Cactaceae +
subfamily +