Difference between revisions of "Petrorhagia"
Handbuch 2: 235. 1831.
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| − | |basionyms={{Treatment/ID/ | + | |basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym |
|name=Gypsophila sect. Petrorhagia | |name=Gypsophila sect. Petrorhagia | ||
|authority=Seringe | |authority=Seringe | ||
| + | |rank=section | ||
| + | |publication_title=in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. | ||
| + | |publication_place=1: 354. 1824 | ||
}} | }} | ||
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Kohlrauschia | |name=Kohlrauschia | ||
|authority=Kunth | |authority=Kunth | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=genus |
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Tunica | |name=Tunica | ||
|authority=Ludwig | |authority=Ludwig | ||
| + | |rank=genus | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Caryophyllaceae;Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae;Petrorhagia | |hierarchy=Caryophyllaceae;Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae;Petrorhagia | ||
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}}<!-- | }}<!-- | ||
| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial with woody bases. <b>Taproots</b> slender to stout Stems erect or ascending, simple or branched proximally, terete or angular. <b>Leaves</b> connate proximally into sheath, sessile; blade 1- or 3-veined, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, apex acute. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, dense capitula or lax cymes, or flowers solitary; bracts paired, brown-scarious and often enclosing inflorescence; involucel bracteoles of 1–3 pairs [or absent], similar in size and texture. <b>Pedicels</b> erect. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual, occasionally unisexual and female; sepals connate proximally into tube, 4–15 mm; tube green or reddish and white or brown-scarious, 15-veined, cylindric, terete, commissures between sepals veinless, broad, scarious; lobes green, reddish, or brown, 3-veined, oblong, shorter than tube, margins white or brown, scarious, apex rounded; petals 5, pink or purplish to white, clawed (or not in P. saxifraga), auricles absent, coronal appendages absent, blade apex entire and obtuse to 2-fid to 1/16 of length; nectaries at filament bases; stamens 10; filaments distinct; staminodes absent; ovary 1-locular; styles 2, filiform, 2–9 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 2, linear along adaxial surface of styles, papillate (30×). <b>Capsules</b> 4-lobed, oblong, shorter than sepals, opening by 4 slightly recurving or straight teeth; carpophore present. <b>Seeds</b> 8–15, blackish brown, shield- or helmet-shaped, dorsiventrally compressed, reticulate to papillate, marginal wing absent, appendage absent; embryo central, straight. <b>x</b> = [13?, 14?], 15.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial with woody bases. <b>Taproots</b> slender to stout Stems erect or ascending, simple or branched proximally, terete or angular. <b>Leaves</b> connate proximally into sheath, sessile; blade 1- or 3-veined, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, apex acute. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, dense capitula or lax cymes, or flowers solitary; bracts paired, brown-scarious and often enclosing inflorescence; involucel bracteoles of 1–3 pairs [or absent], similar in size and texture. <b>Pedicels</b> erect. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual, occasionally unisexual and female; sepals connate proximally into tube, 4–15 mm; tube green or reddish and white or brown-scarious, 15-veined, cylindric, terete, commissures between sepals veinless, broad, scarious; lobes green, reddish, or brown, 3-veined, oblong, shorter than tube, margins white or brown, scarious, apex rounded; petals 5, pink or purplish to white, clawed (or not in <i>P. saxifraga</i>), auricles absent, coronal appendages absent, blade apex entire and obtuse to 2-fid to 1/16 of length; nectaries at filament bases; stamens 10; filaments distinct; staminodes absent; ovary 1-locular; styles 2, filiform, 2–9 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 2, linear along adaxial surface of styles, papillate (30×). <b>Capsules</b> 4-lobed, oblong, shorter than sepals, opening by 4 slightly recurving or straight teeth; carpophore present. <b>Seeds</b> 8–15, blackish brown, shield- or helmet-shaped, dorsiventrally compressed, reticulate to papillate, marginal wing absent, appendage absent; embryo central, straight. <b>x</b> = [13?, 14?], 15.</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
|distribution=Europe (Mediterranean region);c;sw Asia;Africa (Mediterranean region);introduced in South America;Africa (Republic of South Africa);Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Australia. | |distribution=Europe (Mediterranean region);c;sw Asia;Africa (Mediterranean region);introduced in South America;Africa (Republic of South Africa);Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Australia. | ||
| + | |introduced=true | ||
|discussion=<p>Species 33 (4 in the flora).</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Species 33 (4 in the flora).</p><!-- | ||
| − | --><p>Some authors, e.g., V. Bittrich (1993), prefer to split Petrorhagia as shown in couplet one of the key below, recognizing the five species in the genus with broad, brown-scarious bracts enclosing much of the inflorescence as the genus Kohlrauschia Kunth. While a dorsiventrally compressed seed with a straight, central embryo is common to all species, Petrorhagia is morphologically diverse, with five sections recognized by P. W. Ball and V. H. Heywood (1964), and in many ways morphologically intermediate between Dianthus and Gypsophila. If Kohlrauschia is recognized, the inflorescence is the only character not shared by at least a few other species of Petrorhagia.</p> | + | --><p>Some authors, e.g., V. Bittrich (1993), prefer to split <i>Petrorhagia</i> as shown in couplet one of the key below, recognizing the five species in the genus with broad, brown-scarious bracts enclosing much of the inflorescence as the genus Kohlrauschia Kunth. While a dorsiventrally compressed seed with a straight, central embryo is common to all species, <i>Petrorhagia</i> is morphologically diverse, with five sections recognized by P. W. Ball and V. H. Heywood (1964), and in many ways morphologically intermediate between <i>Dianthus</i> and <i>Gypsophila</i>. If Kohlrauschia is recognized, the inflorescence is the only character not shared by at least a few other species of <i>Petrorhagia</i>.</p> |
|tables= | |tables= | ||
|references={{Treatment/Reference | |references={{Treatment/Reference | ||
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|family=Caryophyllaceae | |family=Caryophyllaceae | ||
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi | |illustrator=Barbara Alongi | ||
| + | |illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association | ||
|distribution=Europe (Mediterranean region);c;sw Asia;Africa (Mediterranean region);introduced in South America;Africa (Republic of South Africa);Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Australia. | |distribution=Europe (Mediterranean region);c;sw Asia;Africa (Mediterranean region);introduced in South America;Africa (Republic of South Africa);Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Australia. | ||
|introduced=true | |introduced=true | ||
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|publication year=1831 | |publication year=1831 | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_333.xml |
|subfamily=Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae | |subfamily=Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae | ||
|genus=Petrorhagia | |genus=Petrorhagia | ||
Latest revision as of 22:10, 5 November 2020
Herbs, annual or perennial with woody bases. Taproots slender to stout Stems erect or ascending, simple or branched proximally, terete or angular. Leaves connate proximally into sheath, sessile; blade 1- or 3-veined, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal, dense capitula or lax cymes, or flowers solitary; bracts paired, brown-scarious and often enclosing inflorescence; involucel bracteoles of 1–3 pairs [or absent], similar in size and texture. Pedicels erect. Flowers bisexual, occasionally unisexual and female; sepals connate proximally into tube, 4–15 mm; tube green or reddish and white or brown-scarious, 15-veined, cylindric, terete, commissures between sepals veinless, broad, scarious; lobes green, reddish, or brown, 3-veined, oblong, shorter than tube, margins white or brown, scarious, apex rounded; petals 5, pink or purplish to white, clawed (or not in P. saxifraga), auricles absent, coronal appendages absent, blade apex entire and obtuse to 2-fid to 1/16 of length; nectaries at filament bases; stamens 10; filaments distinct; staminodes absent; ovary 1-locular; styles 2, filiform, 2–9 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 2, linear along adaxial surface of styles, papillate (30×). Capsules 4-lobed, oblong, shorter than sepals, opening by 4 slightly recurving or straight teeth; carpophore present. Seeds 8–15, blackish brown, shield- or helmet-shaped, dorsiventrally compressed, reticulate to papillate, marginal wing absent, appendage absent; embryo central, straight. x = [13?, 14?], 15.
Distribution
Introduced; Europe (Mediterranean region), c, sw Asia, Africa (Mediterranean region), introduced in South America, Africa (Republic of South Africa), Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia.
Discussion
Species 33 (4 in the flora).
Some authors, e.g., V. Bittrich (1993), prefer to split Petrorhagia as shown in couplet one of the key below, recognizing the five species in the genus with broad, brown-scarious bracts enclosing much of the inflorescence as the genus Kohlrauschia Kunth. While a dorsiventrally compressed seed with a straight, central embryo is common to all species, Petrorhagia is morphologically diverse, with five sections recognized by P. W. Ball and V. H. Heywood (1964), and in many ways morphologically intermediate between Dianthus and Gypsophila. If Kohlrauschia is recognized, the inflorescence is the only character not shared by at least a few other species of Petrorhagia.
Selected References
Key
| 1 | Flowers in lax cymes or solitary; pedicels 5-20 mm; inflorescence bracts brown-scarious, linear to narrowly ovate, not enclosing flowers; involucel bracteoles scarious, narrowly ovate, less than 1/ 2 length of sepals; sepals 4-6 mm [sect. Petrorhagia] | Petrorhagia saxifraga |
| 1 | Flowers in capitate inflorescences, rarely appearing solitary; pedicels 0.1-3 mm; inflorescence bracts and involucel bracteoles brown-scarious, broadly ovate, ± equaling sepals, enclosing flowers; sepals (5-)10-15 mm [sect. Kohlrauschia (Kunth) P. W. Ball & Heywood] | > 2 |
| 2 | Leaf sheaths ± as long as wide, usually 1-2 mm; petals with apex truncate or emarginate, dark-colored veins absent | Petrorhagia prolifera |
| 2 | Leaf sheaths 1.5-3 times as long as wide, usually 3-9 mm; petals with apex obcordate or 2-fid, dark-colored veins 1-6 | > 3 |
| 3 | Seeds (1.3-)1.5-1.8 mm, shield-shaped, tuberculate; leaf sheaths (2-)3-4 mm; apices of inner inflorescence bracts obtuse or mucronate; dark-colored petal veins 1(-3) | Petrorhagia nanteuilii |
| 3 | Seeds 1-1.4 mm, helmet-shaped, covered with conical papillae; leaf sheaths (3-)4-9 mm; apices of inner inflorescence bracts mucronate; dark-colored petal veins 3(-6) | Petrorhagia dubia |