Difference between revisions of "Echinocereus bonkerae"

Thornber & Bonker

Fantast. Clan, 71, 85, plates opposite 23, 72. 1932.

Endemic
Synonyms: Echinocereus apachensis Blume & Rutow Echinocereus fasciculatus var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) L. D. Benson Echinocereus fendleri var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) L. D. Benson
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Mentioned on page 165.
FNA>Volume Importer
 
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|place=71, 85, plates opposite 23, 72. 1932
 
|place=71, 85, plates opposite 23, 72. 1932
 
|year=1932
 
|year=1932
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}}
 +
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 +
|code=E
 +
|label=Endemic
 
}}
 
}}
 
|basionyms=
 
|basionyms=
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|name=Echinocereus apachensis
 
|name=Echinocereus apachensis
 
|authority=Blume & Rutow
 
|authority=Blume & Rutow
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|rank=species
 +
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Echinocereus fasciculatus var. bonkerae
 
|name=Echinocereus fasciculatus var. bonkerae
 
|authority=(Thornber & Bonker) L. D. Benson
 
|authority=(Thornber & Bonker) L. D. Benson
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|rank=variety
 +
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Echinocereus fendleri var. bonkerae
 
|name=Echinocereus fendleri var. bonkerae
 
|authority=(Thornber & Bonker) L. D. Benson
 
|authority=(Thornber & Bonker) L. D. Benson
 +
|rank=variety
 
}}
 
}}
 
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Echinocereus;Echinocereus bonkerae
 
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Echinocereus;Echinocereus bonkerae
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}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="plant architecture;plant maturation"><b>Plants </b>5–35-branched, ultimately forming clumps, branching at or before sexual maturation.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem shape;stem shape;stem shape;stem atypical length;stem length;stem width"><b>Stems </b>mostly erect, ovoid to cylindric, 15–30 (–50) × 3.5–7 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="rib atypical count;rib atypical count;rib count;crest shape">ribs (11–) 12–18 (–20), crests slightly undulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="areole some measurement;areole arrangement">areoles 8–20 mm apart.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="spine atypical count;spine count;spine course;spine course;spine architecture;spine orientation;spine orientation;spine orientation;spine orientation;spine orientation;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;form architecture;form architecture"><b>Spines </b>(9–) 12–17 per areole, straight in short-spined forms, sometimes curved or twisted in long-spined forms, appressed (radial spines) or porrect to spreading or descending (central spines when present), dull yellowish to brown or white to gray, often brown to black especially at bases or tips;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="spine arrangement;spine atypical count;spine count;spine some measurement">radial spines (9–) 11–16 per areole, 5–18 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="central spine atypical count;central spine atypical count;central spine count;central spine some measurement;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine shape">central spines (0–) 1 (–3) per areole, 2–100 mm, white to yellow or brown, often becoming gray, all terete.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower length;flower width"><b>Flowers </b>5–7 × 4–9 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower tube length;flower tube width">flower tube 12–20 × 10–30 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower tube hair some measurement">flower tube hairs 1 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="inner tepal depth;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal length;inner tepal width;midstripe coloration;tip width;tip fragility">inner tepals deep magenta (to dark purple) with darker midstripes, proximally green (to very dark purple), 20–60 × 8.5–20 mm, tips relatively thin and delicate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="anther coloration">anthers yellow;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="nectar chamber some measurement">nectar chamber 2–4 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit some measurement"><b>Fruits </b>bright red or orange red, 15–25 mm, pulp white (or pale-pink).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="pulp coloration;2n chromosome count">2n = 22.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>5–35-branched, ultimately forming clumps, branching at or before sexual maturation. <b>Stems</b> mostly erect, ovoid to cylindric, 15–30(–50) × 3.5–7 cm; ribs (11–)12–18(–20), crests slightly undulate; areoles 8–20 mm apart. <b>Spines</b> (9–)12–17 per areole, straight in short-spined forms, sometimes curved or twisted in long-spined forms, appressed (radial spines) or porrect to spreading or descending (central spines when present), dull yellowish to brown or white to gray, often brown to black especially at bases or tips; radial spines (9–)11–16 per areole, 5–18 mm; central spines (0–)1(–3) per areole, 2–100 mm, white to yellow or brown, often becoming gray, all terete. <b>Flowers</b> 5–7 × 4–9 cm; flower tube 12–20 × 10–30 mm; flower tube hairs 1 mm; inner tepals deep magenta (to dark purple) with darker midstripes, proximally green (to very dark purple), 20–60 × 8.5–20 mm, tips relatively thin and delicate; anthers yellow; nectar chamber 2–4 mm. <b>Fruits</b> bright red or orange red, 15–25 mm, pulp white (or pale pink). <b>2n</b> = 22.</span><!--
  
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 +
|phenology=Flowering Mar–May; fruiting 2 months after flowering.
 
|habitat=Sonoran Desert upland, interior chaparral, desert grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands
 
|habitat=Sonoran Desert upland, interior chaparral, desert grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands
 
|elevation=700-2000 m
 
|elevation=700-2000 m
 
|distribution=Ariz.
 
|distribution=Ariz.
|discussion=<p>Plants in most populations of Echinocereus bonkerae have radial spines almost pectinately arranged and central spines very short or absent, creating the superficial appearance of E. dasyacanthus, E. pectinatus, or similar species. Formerly, all short-spined plants in central and southern Arizona were treated as E. bonkerae, including unusually short-spined individuals of E. fendleri and E. fasciculatus. Today we recognize that E. bonkerae, E. fendleri, and E. fasciculatus all vary from short-spined to long-spined.</p><!--
+
|discussion=<p>Plants in most populations of <i>Echinocereus bonkerae</i> have radial spines almost pectinately arranged and central spines very short or absent, creating the superficial appearance of <i>E. dasyacanthus</i>, <i>E. pectinatus</i>, or similar species. Formerly, all short-spined plants in central and southern Arizona were treated as <i>E. bonkerae</i>, including unusually short-spined individuals of <i>E. fendleri</i> and <i>E. fasciculatus</i>. Today we recognize that <i>E. bonkerae</i>, <i>E. fendleri</i>, and <i>E. fasciculatus</i> all vary from short-spined to long-spined.</p><!--
--><p>Populations at the lowest altitude for the species have taller stems and unusually long, slender central spines (to 10 cm); they have recently been named Echinocereus apachensis. Such plants were part of the basis for L. D. Benson’s polyphyletic concept (1969, 1982) of E. fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii (see 8. E. fasciculatus).</p><!--
+
--><p>Populations at the lowest altitude for the species have taller stems and unusually long, slender central spines (to 10 cm); they have recently been named <i>Echinocereus</i> apachensis. Such plants were part of the basis for L. D. Benson’s polyphyletic concept (1969, 1982) of <i>E. fasciculatus</i> var. boyce-thompsonii (see 8. <i>E. fasciculatus</i>).</p><!--
--><p>Echinocereus bonkerae is a poorly defined species, frequently lumped with E. fendleri or E. fasciculatus, and it is not always identifiable in the field. Although rib number, blooming season, habitat preference, and, in particular regions, spine length or central spine presence are helpful characteristics, ploidy level is the most objective criterion for distinguishing E. bonkerae from E. fasciculatus. Immature plants of E. bonkerae are like E. fasciculatus and unlike the immature plants of E. fendleri, which are tuberculate with their spines long, few, soft, and often curved or twisted.</p>
+
--><p><i>Echinocereus bonkerae</i> is a poorly defined species, frequently lumped with <i>E. fendleri</i> or <i>E. fasciculatus</i>, and it is not always identifiable in the field. Although rib number, blooming season, habitat preference, and, in particular regions, spine length or central spine presence are helpful characteristics, ploidy level is the most objective criterion for distinguishing <i>E. bonkerae</i> from <i>E. fasciculatus</i>. Immature plants of <i>E. bonkerae</i> are like <i>E. fasciculatus</i> and unlike the immature plants of <i>E. fendleri</i>, which are tuberculate with their spines long, few, soft, and often curved or twisted.</p>
 
|tables=
 
|tables=
 
|references=
 
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
 
-->{{#Taxon:
 
name=Echinocereus bonkerae
 
name=Echinocereus bonkerae
|author=
 
 
|authority=Thornber & Bonker
 
|authority=Thornber & Bonker
 
|rank=species
 
|rank=species
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|basionyms=
 
|basionyms=
 
|family=Cactaceae
 
|family=Cactaceae
 +
|phenology=Flowering Mar–May; fruiting 2 months after flowering.
 
|habitat=Sonoran Desert upland, interior chaparral, desert grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands
 
|habitat=Sonoran Desert upland, interior chaparral, desert grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands
 
|elevation=700-2000 m
 
|elevation=700-2000 m
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|publication title=Fantast. Clan,
 
|publication title=Fantast. Clan,
 
|publication year=1932
 
|publication year=1932
|special status=
+
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_316.xml
+
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_316.xml
 
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
 
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
 
|genus=Echinocereus
 
|genus=Echinocereus
 
|species=Echinocereus bonkerae
 
|species=Echinocereus bonkerae
|2n chromosome count=22
 
|anther coloration=yellow
 
|areole arrangement=apart
 
|areole some measurement=8mm;20mm
 
|central spine atypical count=1;3
 
|central spine coloration=gray;white;yellow or brown
 
|central spine count=1
 
|central spine shape=terete
 
|central spine some measurement=2mm;100mm
 
|crest shape=undulate
 
|flower length=5cm;7cm
 
|flower tube hair some measurement=1
 
|flower tube length=12mm;20mm
 
|flower tube width=10mm;30mm
 
|flower width=4cm;9cm
 
|form architecture=long-spined;short-spined
 
|fruit coloration=orange red;bright red
 
|fruit some measurement=15mm;25mm
 
|inner tepal coloration=green;magenta
 
|inner tepal depth=deep
 
|inner tepal length=20mm;60mm
 
|inner tepal width=8.5mm;20mm
 
|midstripe coloration=darker
 
|nectar chamber some measurement=2mm;4mm
 
|plant architecture=5-35-branched
 
|plant maturation=branching
 
|pulp coloration=white
 
|rib atypical count=18;20
 
|rib count=12;18
 
|spine architecture=twisted
 
|spine arrangement=radial
 
|spine atypical count=9;11
 
|spine coloration=brown;black
 
|spine count=11;16
 
|spine course=curved;straight
 
|spine orientation=porrect;spreading or descending
 
|spine some measurement=5mm;18mm
 
|stem atypical length=30cm;50cm
 
|stem length=15cm;30cm
 
|stem orientation=erect
 
|stem shape=ovoid;cylindric
 
|stem width=3.5cm;7cm
 
|tip fragility=delicate
 
|tip width=thin
 
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Echinocereus]]
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Echinocereus]]

Latest revision as of 21:57, 5 November 2020

Plants 5–35-branched, ultimately forming clumps, branching at or before sexual maturation. Stems mostly erect, ovoid to cylindric, 15–30(–50) × 3.5–7 cm; ribs (11–)12–18(–20), crests slightly undulate; areoles 8–20 mm apart. Spines (9–)12–17 per areole, straight in short-spined forms, sometimes curved or twisted in long-spined forms, appressed (radial spines) or porrect to spreading or descending (central spines when present), dull yellowish to brown or white to gray, often brown to black especially at bases or tips; radial spines (9–)11–16 per areole, 5–18 mm; central spines (0–)1(–3) per areole, 2–100 mm, white to yellow or brown, often becoming gray, all terete. Flowers 5–7 × 4–9 cm; flower tube 12–20 × 10–30 mm; flower tube hairs 1 mm; inner tepals deep magenta (to dark purple) with darker midstripes, proximally green (to very dark purple), 20–60 × 8.5–20 mm, tips relatively thin and delicate; anthers yellow; nectar chamber 2–4 mm. Fruits bright red or orange red, 15–25 mm, pulp white (or pale pink). 2n = 22.


Phenology: Flowering Mar–May; fruiting 2 months after flowering.
Habitat: Sonoran Desert upland, interior chaparral, desert grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands
Elevation: 700-2000 m

Discussion

Plants in most populations of Echinocereus bonkerae have radial spines almost pectinately arranged and central spines very short or absent, creating the superficial appearance of E. dasyacanthus, E. pectinatus, or similar species. Formerly, all short-spined plants in central and southern Arizona were treated as E. bonkerae, including unusually short-spined individuals of E. fendleri and E. fasciculatus. Today we recognize that E. bonkerae, E. fendleri, and E. fasciculatus all vary from short-spined to long-spined.

Populations at the lowest altitude for the species have taller stems and unusually long, slender central spines (to 10 cm); they have recently been named Echinocereus apachensis. Such plants were part of the basis for L. D. Benson’s polyphyletic concept (1969, 1982) of E. fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii (see 8. E. fasciculatus).

Echinocereus bonkerae is a poorly defined species, frequently lumped with E. fendleri or E. fasciculatus, and it is not always identifiable in the field. Although rib number, blooming season, habitat preference, and, in particular regions, spine length or central spine presence are helpful characteristics, ploidy level is the most objective criterion for distinguishing E. bonkerae from E. fasciculatus. Immature plants of E. bonkerae are like E. fasciculatus and unlike the immature plants of E. fendleri, which are tuberculate with their spines long, few, soft, and often curved or twisted.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Echinocereus bonkerae"
Allan D. Zimmerman +  and Bruce D. Parfitt +
Thornber & Bonker +
700-2000 m +
Sonoran Desert upland, interior chaparral, desert grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands +
Flowering Mar–May +  and fruiting 2 months after flowering. +
Fantast. Clan, +
Echinocereus apachensis +, Echinocereus fasciculatus var. bonkerae +  and Echinocereus fendleri var. bonkerae +
Echinocereus bonkerae +
Echinocereus +
species +