familyRanunculaceae
genusRanunculus
subgenusRanunculus subg. Ranunculus
sectionRanunculus sect. Ranunculus
Show Lower Taxa
Ranunculus acriformis, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus austro-oreganus, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus californicus, Ranunculus canus, Ranunculus fascicularis, Ranunculus fasciculatus, Ranunculus hispidus, Ranunculus macounii, Ranunculus macranthus, Ranunculus occidentalis, Ranunculus orthorhynchus, Ranunculus pacificus, Ranunculus pensylvanicus, Ranunculus recurvatus, Ranunculus repens, Ranunculus turneri, Ranunculus uncinatus
Difference between revisions of "Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus"
Synonyms: Ranunculus sect. Chrysanthe
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>usually ± hispid, sometimes glabrous. <b>Stems</b> erect to decumbent, sometimes stoloniferous, sometimes bulbous-based, without bulbils. <b>Roots</b> basal, sometimes also nodal, sometimes tuberous. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline, petiolate; basal deeply parted or compound (except sometimes in <i>R. orthorhynchus </i>var.<i> bloomeri</i>), blades with segments lobed or parted, margins toothed; cauline deeply parted or compound, similar to basal or with shorter petioles and/or blades with narrower segments (rarely poorly developed in <i>R. fascicularis</i>). <b>Inflorescences</b> 1-50-flowered cymes. <b>Flowers</b> pedicellate; sepals deciduous soon after anthesis, 5 (sometimes 6 in <i>R. occidentalis </i>var.<i> hexasepalus</i>); petals always present, yellow, sometimes abaxially reddish, rarely poorly developed; nectary scale attached basally, free from petal for at least 1/2 its length, forming flap covering nectary (or sometimes attached on 3 sides, forming pocket in <i>R. recurvatus</i>), glabrous, free margin entire; style present. <b>Fruits</b> achenes, 1-locular; achene body discoid, strongly flattened, 3-15 times as wide as thick, not prolonged beyond seed; wall thick, not ornamented; margin low or high narrow ridge or wing; beak much shorter than achene body.</span><!-- |
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| − | |distribution=Worldwide except lowland tropics | + | |distribution=Worldwide except lowland tropics. |
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 100 (19 in the flora).</p> | |discussion=<p>Species ca. 100 (19 in the flora).</p> | ||
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name=Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus | name=Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus | ||
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|authority=Linnaeus | |authority=Linnaeus | ||
|rank=section | |rank=section | ||
|parent rank=subgenus | |parent rank=subgenus | ||
| − | |synonyms= | + | |synonyms=Ranunculus sect. Chrysanthe |
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|family=Ranunculaceae | |family=Ranunculaceae | ||
| − | |distribution=Worldwide except lowland tropics | + | |distribution=Worldwide except lowland tropics. |
|reference=None | |reference=None | ||
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| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_648.xml |
|genus=Ranunculus | |genus=Ranunculus | ||
|subgenus=Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus | |subgenus=Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus | ||
|section=Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus | |section=Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus | ||
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Latest revision as of 21:50, 5 November 2020
Plants usually ± hispid, sometimes glabrous. Stems erect to decumbent, sometimes stoloniferous, sometimes bulbous-based, without bulbils. Roots basal, sometimes also nodal, sometimes tuberous. Leaves basal and cauline, petiolate; basal deeply parted or compound (except sometimes in R. orthorhynchus var. bloomeri), blades with segments lobed or parted, margins toothed; cauline deeply parted or compound, similar to basal or with shorter petioles and/or blades with narrower segments (rarely poorly developed in R. fascicularis). Inflorescences 1-50-flowered cymes. Flowers pedicellate; sepals deciduous soon after anthesis, 5 (sometimes 6 in R. occidentalis var. hexasepalus); petals always present, yellow, sometimes abaxially reddish, rarely poorly developed; nectary scale attached basally, free from petal for at least 1/2 its length, forming flap covering nectary (or sometimes attached on 3 sides, forming pocket in R. recurvatus), glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body discoid, strongly flattened, 3-15 times as wide as thick, not prolonged beyond seed; wall thick, not ornamented; margin low or high narrow ridge or wing; beak much shorter than achene body.
Distribution
Worldwide except lowland tropics.
Discussion
Species ca. 100 (19 in the flora).
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
Ranunculus acriformis, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus austro-oreganus, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus californicus, Ranunculus canus, Ranunculus fascicularis, Ranunculus fasciculatus, Ranunculus hispidus, Ranunculus macounii, Ranunculus macranthus, Ranunculus occidentalis, Ranunculus orthorhynchus, Ranunculus pacificus, Ranunculus pensylvanicus, Ranunculus recurvatus, Ranunculus repens, Ranunculus turneri, Ranunculus uncinatus
Key
| 1 | Petals 2-6 mm, usually no longer than sepals (sometimes longer than sepals in R. uncinatus). | > 2 |
| 1 | Petals (6-)7-26 mm (rarely shorter in R. occidentalis and R. canus, in which petals are much longer than sepals). | > 5 |
| 2 | Basal leaves simple and lobed or parted. | > 3 |
| 2 | Basal leaves compound. | > 4 |
| 3 | Receptacle glabrous; base of stem not bulbous; w North America. | Ranunculus uncinatus |
| 3 | Receptacle hispid; base of stem bulbous, cormlike; e North America. | Ranunculus recurvatus var. recurvatus |
| 4 | Petals 2-4 × 1-2.5 mm; heads of achenes cylindric, 5-7 mm wide. | Ranunculus pensylvanicus |
| 4 | Petals 4-6 × 3.5-5 mm; heads of achenes globose to ovoid, 7-10 mm wide. | Ranunculus macounii |
| 5 | Sepals spreading, sometimes reflexed from base with age. | > 6 |
| 5 | Sepals reflexed along well-defined transverse fold 1-3 mm above base. | > 12 |
| 6 | Basal leaves deeply parted or dissected, ultimate segments linear to broadly linear, margins entire (occasionally a lobe reduced to large tooth); Rocky Mountains. | Ranunculus acriformis var. acriformis |
| 6 | Basal leaves variously parted or compound but not as above, segments seldom linear, margins toothed; widespread. | > 7 |
| 7 | Leaf blades simple, 3-5-parted or -divided. | > 8 |
| 7 | Leaf blades 3-5-foliolate. | > 9 |
| 8 | Basal leaf blades pentagonal in outline; beak of achene 0.2-1 mm; widespread. | Ranunculus acris |
| 8 | Basal leaf blades cordate to reniform in outline; beak of achene 1.6-2 mm; Mackenzie Delta to ne Alaska. | Ranunculus turneri |
| 9 | Tuberous roots present. | > 10 |
| 9 | Tuberous roots absent. | > 11 |
| 10 | Petals 10-22; c Texas. | Ranunculus macranthus |
| 10 | Petals 5(-7); widespread, e North America. | Ranunculus fascicularis |
| 11 | Beak of achene curved, 0.8-1.2 mm; stems decumbent to creeping. | Ranunculus repens |
| 11 | Beak of achene straight or somewhat curved, 0.8-2.6 mm; stems erect to decumbent. | Ranunculus hispidus |
| 12 | Petals 8-22; Pacific Coast, Arizona, Texas. | > 13 |
| 12 | Petals 5-7; widespread. | > 17 |
| 13 | Tuberous roots absent; beak of achene lanceolate to deltate-apiculate, curved, 0.2-1.6 mm; California to British Columbia. | > 14 |
| 13 | Tuberous roots present; beak of achene subulate, straight, (1.8-)2-4 mm (but sometimes deciduous); Texas, Arizona. | > 16 |
| 14 | Achenes 3.4-4.2 mm, beak deltate or lance-deltate; Transverse Ranges, s California. | Ranunculus canus var. ludovicianus |
| 14 | Achenes 1.8-3.2 mm, beak lanceolate; California to British Columbia. | Ranunculus californicus |
| 15 | Beak of achene 1.2-1.6 mm; sepals 5-6; Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. | Ranunculus occidentalis var. hexasepalus |
| 15 | Beak of achene 0.2-0.8 mm; sepals 5; California, Oregon, Mexico. | Ranunculus californicus |
| 16 | Petals 2-5 mm wide; achenes 2-2.4 mm wide, margins forming ribs or narrow wings 0.1-0.4 mm wide; sepals always reflexed; Arizona, trans-Pecos Texas. | Ranunculus fasciculatus |
| 16 | Petals 4-9 mm wide; achenes 2.8-3.4 mm wide, margins forming narrow ribs 0.4-0.6 mm wide; sepals spreading or weakly reflexed; Edwards Plateau, Texas. | Ranunculus macranthus |
| 17 | Receptacle glabrous; basal leaves 3-parted or -foliolate, segments or leaflets linear to cuneate. | > 18 |
| 17 | Receptacle hispid; basal leaves usually pinnately 3-7-foliolate (sometimes merely 3-parted with orbiculate to ovate segments in Ranunculus orthorhynchus var. bloomeri). | > 21 |
| 18 | Beak of achene deltate or lance-deltate, curved; Sacramento Valley, California. | Ranunculus canus var. canus |
| 18 | Beak of achene lanceolate to lance-subulate, straight or curved; widespread. | > 19 |
| 19 | Basal leaves deeply 3-divided, segments again deeply parted, ultimate segments linear or nearly so; Rocky Mountains. | Ranunculus acriformis var. montanensis |
| 19 | Basal leaves deeply 3-parted to 3-foliolate, margins of segments or leaflets toothed or shallowly lobed, ultimate lobe triangular or broadly lanceolate; Pacific Slope. | > 20 |
| 20 | Petals yellow on both surfaces; widespread. | Ranunculus occidentalis |
| 20 | Petals reddish abaxially; sw Oregon. | Ranunculus austro-oreganus |
| 21 | Beak of achene oblong or triangular, curved, 0.2-0.8 mm; introduced weeds. | > 22 |
| 21 | Beak of achene lanceolate or subulate, straight or somewhat curved (sometimes tip weakly hooked in R. pacificus), (0.8-)1-3.8(-4.8) mm; native. | > 23 |
| 22 | Base of stem bulbous, cormlike; petals 9-13 × 8-11 mm. | Ranunculus bulbosus |
| 22 | Base of stem not bulbous; petals 7-10 × 4-8 mm. | Ranunculus sardous |
| 23 | Stems decumbent, sometimes rooting at nodes; e North America. | Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus |
| 23 | Stems erect to decumbent, never rooting at nodes; w North America. | > 24 |
| 24 | Beak of achene 1-1.8 mm; leaflets lobed; Alaska panhandle. | Ranunculus pacificus |
| 24 | Beak of achene 2-3.8(-4.8) mm (1.8-2.2 mm in var. bloomeri, with unlobed leaflets); throughout w North America. | Ranunculus orthorhynchus |