Deinandra

Annuals, subshrubs, or shrubs, 4–120(–150) cm. Stems usually ± erect, rarely decumbent. Leaves mostly cauline (annuals forming winter–spring rosettes, usually withering by flowering); proximal opposite, most alternate; sessile; blades oblanceolate to linear or lance-linear, usually pinnatifid or toothed, sometimes serrate or entire, faces often hirsute or hispid-hirsute, sometimes villous, pilose, pubescent, canescent, strigose, or scabrous (often sessile- or stipitate-glandular as well) or glabrous (with scabrous or hispid margins). Heads radiate, usually in corymbiform or ± paniculiform arrays, sometimes in racemiform arrays or in glomerules. Peduncular bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, and spines 0. Involucres ± obconic, campanulate, hemispheric, or urceolate, 2–13+ mm diam. Phyllaries falling, 3–35 in 1 series (± lanceolate to lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each usually 1/2 enveloping subtended ray floret proximally, abaxially ± hirsute and sessile- or stipitate-glandular). Receptacles flat to convex, glabrous or setulose, paleate (paleae falling, in 1 series between rays and disc in annuals, in 2–3+ series or subtending all or most disc florets in subshrubs and shrubs, connate or distinct, phyllary-like, more scarious). Ray florets 3–35, pistillate, fertile; corollas deep or pale yellow. Disc florets 3–70, usually functionally staminate, seldom bisexual and fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than or about equaling funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers usually reddish to dark purple or yellow, rarely maroon; styles glabrous proximal to branches). Ray cypselae slightly obcompressed (adaxial sides flatter than abaxials), clavate (abaxially gibbous, often ± arcuate, basal attachments oblique, apices ± beaked, beaks offset adaxially, ascending, faces glabrous); pappi 0. Disc cypselae usually 0; pappi (of disc florets) usually of 1–15 elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, linear, oblong, quadrate, setiform, or subulate, entire, erose, fimbriate, fringed, or laciniate scales, sometimes 0 or coroniform (crowns of ± linear, sometimes fimbriate scales). x = 12 or 13.

Distribution

w United States, nw Mexico.

Discussion

Species 21 (16 in the flora).

Deinandra is treated here as distinct from Hemizonia; Deinandra is more closely related to Calycadenia, Centromadia, Holocarpha, and Osmadenia than to Hemizonia in the strict sense (S. Carlquist et al. 2003). As circumscribed here (following B. G. Baldwin 1999b), Deinandra comprises all taxa included in Hemizonia sect. Madiomeris by B. D. Tanowitz (1982) plus the shrubs and subshrubs constituting the informal “Fruticosae” or “Zonamra” (J. Clausen 1951; D. D. Keck 1959b). All are self-incompatible except D. arida and D. mohavensis. Five species (D. frutescens, D. greeneana, D. martirensis, D. palmeri, D. streetsii), none annuals, are known only from Baja California, Mexico. Most species north of Mexico are cross-incompatible or ± intersterile (J. Clausen 1951).

Selected References

Tanowitz, B. D. 1982. Taxonomy of Hemizonia sect. Madiomeris (Asteraceae: Madiinae). Syst. Bot. 7: 314–339.

Lower Taxa

Deinandra arida, Deinandra bacigalupii, Deinandra clementina, Deinandra conjugens, Deinandra corymbosa, Deinandra fasciculata, Deinandra floribunda, Deinandra halliana, Deinandra increscens, Deinandra kelloggii, Deinandra lobbii, Deinandra minthornii, Deinandra mohavensis, Deinandra pallida, Deinandra paniculata, Deinandra pentactis

Key

1	Subshrubs or shrubs; paleae in 2 series or in 3+ series or throughout receptacles	> 2
1	Annuals; paleae in 1 series (between ray and disc florets)	> 3
2	Paleae in 2 series (1 between ray and disc florets, 1 between outermost and adjacent discflorets); ray florets (11–)13(–20); anthers reddish to dark purple	Deinandra clementina
2	Paleae in 3+ series or throughout receptacles; ray florets (4–)8; anthers yellow or brownish	Deinandra minthornii
3	Ray florets 3–5; disc florets 3–6; pappi of 5–12 scales	> 4
3	Ray florets (5–)8–35; disc florets 8–70; pappi 0, or of 1–14 scales, or coroniform (reputedly sometimes rudimentary)	> 8
4	Ray florets 3(–4); disc florets 3(–4)	Deinandra lobbii
4	Ray florets 5; disc florets 6	> 5
5	Phyllaries usually sessile-glandular, at least near margins, rarely stipitate-glandular (stalks shorter than glands); anthers reddish to dark purple	> 6
5	Phyllaries stipitate-glandular (stalks often equal to or longer than glands); anthers yellow or brownish (reddish to dark purple or maroon in some, mostly s Californian, D. kelloggii)	> 7
6	Bracts subtending heads usually overlapping at least proximal 1/2 of each involucre; phyllaries glandular near margins, sometimes with non-glandular, non-pustule-based hairs as well	Deinandra fasciculata
6	Bracts subtending heads usually overlapping proximal 0–1/2 of each involucre; phyllaries ± evenly glandular and with pustule-based hairs, atleast on midribs	Deinandra pentactis
7	Proximal leaves usually pinnatifid to toothed (rarely entire); heads in open, paniculiform arrays; pappi of linear to oblong, entire or fringed scales	Deinandra kelloggii
7	Proximal leaves usually entire, sometimes serrate; heads usually in glom-erules; pappi of irregular, erose scales	Deinandra mohavensis
8	Anthers yellow or brownish	> 9
8	Anthers reddish to dark purple	> 12
9	Faces of proximal leaves glabrous or hispid-hirsute and stipitate-glandular; disc florets 17–60; pappi usually 0, rarely of 1–5 linear to setiform scales 0.1–0.6 mm or, reputedly, rudimentary	> 10
9	Faces of proximal leaves ± hirsute and stipitate-glandular; disc florets 10–21; pappi usually of 4–13 scales, sometimes coroniform (in D. bacigalupii), rarely 0 (in Deinandra pallida)	> 11
10	Stems solid; leaves (proximal) hispid-hirsute and stipitate-glandular; disc florets 17–25	Deinandra arida
10	Stems fistulose; leaves (proximal) glabrous (margins and midribs sometimes scabrous or hispid); disc florets 28–60	Deinandra halliana
11	Ray laminae pale yellow, 6–12 mm	Deinandra pallida
11	Ray laminae deep yellow, 2–4 mm	Deinandra bacigalupii
12	Disc florets all or mostly bisexual	Deinandra floribunda
12	Disc florets all or mostly functionally staminate	> 13
13	Ray florets 15–35; pappi 0, or coroniform (irregular crowns of entire, erose, orlaciniate scales 0.1–0.9 mm)	Deinandra corymbosa
13	Ray florets (7–)8–13; pappi of 4–14 elliptic, lanceolate, linear, oblong, or quadrate, barely fringed to erose scales 0.5–2 mm	> 14
14	Phyllaries sessile- and stipitate-glandular, mostly near proximal margins and on apices	Deinandra conjugens
14	Phyllaries ± evenly stipitate-glandular, including margins and apices	> 15
15	Ray florets (7–)8(–10); disc florets 8–14(–15) (basal leaves sometimes present at flowering in South Coast Ranges)	Deinandra paniculata
15	Ray florets 8–13(–15); disc florets 11–32	Deinandra increscens