Difference between revisions of "Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae"
Fl. Belg., 71. 1827.
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|name=Undefined (tribe Undefined) subtribe Lagasceinae | |name=Undefined (tribe Undefined) subtribe Lagasceinae | ||
|authority=Bentham & Hooker f. | |authority=Bentham & Hooker f. | ||
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|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae | |hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae | ||
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (2–)20–500 cm. <b>Leaves</b> usually mostly cauline, rarely mostly basal; mostly opposite (distal often alternate) or mostly alternate, rarely whorled; petiolate or sessile; blades (often 3- or 5-nerved) orbiculate or deltate to lanceolate or linear (and intermediate shapes), sometimes lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces usually hairy (often hispid to scabrellous), often gland-dotted. <b>Heads</b> usually radiate, sometimes discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform (paniculiform or racemiform) arrays (glomerules or second-order heads of 1–2-flowered heads in Lagascea). <b>Calyculi</b> 0. <b>Involucres</b> cylindric to hemispheric or rotate. <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent, 4–45(–100+) in 1–6+ series (usually distinct, ± connate in Lagascea, broadly ovate to linear, subequal or unequal). <b>Receptacles</b> usually flat or convex, sometimes hemispheric or conic, usually paleate (epaleate in Lagascea; paleae usually falling, sometimes persistent, mostly oblong to linear, often conduplicate, herbaceous to scarious, apices sometimes ± 3-lobed or -toothed; becoming hardened perigynia completely investing cypselae in Sclerocarpus). <b>Ray</b> florets 0 or 5–30(–100+), neuter, or styliferous and sterile; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes partly or wholly brown to purple or red-brown to reddish. <b>Disc</b> florets 1 (Lagascea) or 10–200(–1000+), bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes brown to purple or reddish to red-brown, tubes shorter than or about equaling cylindric or funnelform throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (equal); anther thecae dark or pale; stigmatic papillae usually continuous. <b>Cypselae</b> often ± compressed, flattened, biconvex, clavate, columnar, obovoid, obpyramidal, or prismatic (lengths usually 1–2 times diams.), glabrous or hairy (faces and/or angles); pappi 0, or (often readily falling or fragile, sometimes persistent) usually of (1–)2(–8+) (sometimes aristate) scales and/or awns, sometimes coroniform.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (2–)20–500 cm. <b>Leaves</b> usually mostly cauline, rarely mostly basal; mostly opposite (distal often alternate) or mostly alternate, rarely whorled; petiolate or sessile; blades (often 3- or 5-nerved) orbiculate or deltate to lanceolate or linear (and intermediate shapes), sometimes lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces usually hairy (often hispid to scabrellous), often gland-dotted. <b>Heads</b> usually radiate, sometimes discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform (paniculiform or racemiform) arrays (glomerules or second-order heads of 1–2-flowered heads in <i>Lagascea</i>). <b>Calyculi</b> 0. <b>Involucres</b> cylindric to hemispheric or rotate. <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent, 4–45(–100+) in 1–6+ series (usually distinct, ± connate in <i>Lagascea</i>, broadly ovate to linear, subequal or unequal). <b>Receptacles</b> usually flat or convex, sometimes hemispheric or conic, usually paleate (epaleate in <i>Lagascea</i>; paleae usually falling, sometimes persistent, mostly oblong to linear, often conduplicate, herbaceous to scarious, apices sometimes ± 3-lobed or -toothed; becoming hardened perigynia completely investing cypselae in <i>Sclerocarpus</i>). <b>Ray</b> florets 0 or 5–30(–100+), neuter, or styliferous and sterile; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes partly or wholly brown to purple or red-brown to reddish. <b>Disc</b> florets 1 (<i>Lagascea</i>) or 10–200(–1000+), bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes brown to purple or reddish to red-brown, tubes shorter than or about equaling cylindric or funnelform throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (equal); anther thecae dark or pale; stigmatic papillae usually continuous. <b>Cypselae</b> often ± compressed, flattened, biconvex, clavate, columnar, obovoid, obpyramidal, or prismatic (lengths usually 1–2 times diams.), glabrous or hairy (faces and/or angles); pappi 0, or (often readily falling or fragile, sometimes persistent) usually of (1–)2(–8+) (sometimes aristate) scales and/or awns, sometimes coroniform.</span><!-- |
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name=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae | name=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae | ||
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|authority=Cassini ex Dumortier | |authority=Cassini ex Dumortier | ||
|rank=subtribe | |rank=subtribe | ||
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|publication year=1827 | |publication year=1827 | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_329.xml |
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae | |tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae | ||
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae | |subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae | ||
Latest revision as of 20:11, 5 November 2020
Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (2–)20–500 cm. Leaves usually mostly cauline, rarely mostly basal; mostly opposite (distal often alternate) or mostly alternate, rarely whorled; petiolate or sessile; blades (often 3- or 5-nerved) orbiculate or deltate to lanceolate or linear (and intermediate shapes), sometimes lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces usually hairy (often hispid to scabrellous), often gland-dotted. Heads usually radiate, sometimes discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform (paniculiform or racemiform) arrays (glomerules or second-order heads of 1–2-flowered heads in Lagascea). Calyculi 0. Involucres cylindric to hemispheric or rotate. Phyllaries persistent, 4–45(–100+) in 1–6+ series (usually distinct, ± connate in Lagascea, broadly ovate to linear, subequal or unequal). Receptacles usually flat or convex, sometimes hemispheric or conic, usually paleate (epaleate in Lagascea; paleae usually falling, sometimes persistent, mostly oblong to linear, often conduplicate, herbaceous to scarious, apices sometimes ± 3-lobed or -toothed; becoming hardened perigynia completely investing cypselae in Sclerocarpus). Ray florets 0 or 5–30(–100+), neuter, or styliferous and sterile; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes partly or wholly brown to purple or red-brown to reddish. Disc florets 1 (Lagascea) or 10–200(–1000+), bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes brown to purple or reddish to red-brown, tubes shorter than or about equaling cylindric or funnelform throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (equal); anther thecae dark or pale; stigmatic papillae usually continuous. Cypselae often ± compressed, flattened, biconvex, clavate, columnar, obovoid, obpyramidal, or prismatic (lengths usually 1–2 times diams.), glabrous or hairy (faces and/or angles); pappi 0, or (often readily falling or fragile, sometimes persistent) usually of (1–)2(–8+) (sometimes aristate) scales and/or awns, sometimes coroniform.
Distribution
Mostly subtropical, tropical, and warm-temperate New World.
Discussion
Genera 17, species 363 (8 genera, 69 species, including 1 hybrid, in the flora).
Circumscription of Helianthinae adopted here (i.e., that of H. Robinson 1981) is narrower than traditional circumscriptions (e.g., T. F. Stuessy 1977[1978]), which included genera here treated in Ecliptinae, Galinsoginae, and Rudbeckiinae.
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
Key
| 1 | Phyllaries 4–5 in ± 1 series (connate); disc florets 1(–2; the 1–2-flowered heads aggregated in glomerules or second-order heads) | Lagascea |
| 1 | Phyllaries 5–45(–100+) in (1–)2–6+ series (distinct); disc florets (10–)15–200(–1000+) | > 2 |
| 2 | Receptacles paleate (each palea completely investing and falling with a cypsela, eachforming a hardened perigynium) | Sclerocarpus |
| 2 | Receptacles paleate (paleae sometimes conduplicate, ± enfolding cypselae, not forming perigynia) | > 3 |
| 3 | Heads borne singly (peduncles usually distally dilated, fistulose) | Tithonia |
| 3 | Heads borne singly or in corymbiform, paniculiform, racemiform, or thyrsiform arrays (peduncles rarely, if ever, notably dilated or fistulose) | > 4 |
| 4 | Cypselae flattened, thin-margined | Simsia |
| 4 | Cypselae ± compressed, biconvex, or 3- or 4-angled, often obpyramidal | > 5 |
| 5 | Cypselae glabrous or glabrate; pappi 0 | > 6 |
| 5 | Cypselae usually ± strigose, sometimes glabrous or glabrate; pappi of 2–6+, persistent, readily falling, or tardily falling scales | > 8 |
| 6 | Shrubs (leaves often lobed, lobes usually 3–9, ± linear) | Viguiera |
| 6 | Annuals or perennials (leaves not lobed) | > 7 |
| 7 | Annuals; leaf blades lanceolate to linear; involucres 5–6 mm diam.;phyllaries 11–17 | Helianthus |
| 7 | Annuals or perennials; leaf blades lance-linear, lanceolate, ovate, rhombic, or rhombic-ovate; involucres 6–14 mm diam.; phyllaries14–25 | Heliomeris |
| 8 | Shrubs; involucres 5–9 mm diam | Bahiopsis |
| 8 | Annuals or perennials; involucres (5–)7–40+ mm diam | > 9 |
| 9 | Pappi readily falling | Helianthus |
| 9 | Pappi persistent or tardily falling | Viguiera |