Difference between revisions of "Brickellia"
Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 290. 1823.
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|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Eupatorieae | |tribe=Asteraceae tribe Eupatorieae | ||
|genus=Brickellia | |genus=Brickellia |
Latest revision as of 20:09, 5 November 2020
Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (12–)30–120(–200) cm. Stems mostly erect, often much branched (sometimes virgate, often striate). Leaves cauline; opposite or alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 3-nerved from bases, deltate, lance-elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, lance-rhombic, linear, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, spatulate, or suborbiculate, margins mostly crenate, dentate, entire, laciniate-dentate, lobed, serrate, or toothed, faces glabrous (sometimes shiny) or glandular-puberulent, strigose, or tomentose, sometimes gland-dotted. Heads usually in corymbiform, sometimes cymiform, paniculiform, or racemiform, arrays, rarely borne singly. Involucres cylindric to obconic or campanulate, 5–12 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, (10–)14–45(–60) in 3–7(–9) series, usually (4–)5–6(–16)-striate or -nerved, linear or lanceolate to oblanceolate or oblong, usually unequal (usually chartaceous, sometimes herbaceous). Receptacles flat to convex, epaleate. Florets (3–)8–45(–90); corollas usually white or whitish to cream, sometimes greenish, purplish or yellowish, throats mostly cylindric to narrowly funnelform (lengths 3–5 times diams.); styles: bases enlarged, hairy, branches narrowly clavate (± dilated distally). Cypselae narrowly prismatic, 10-ribbed, glabrous or hairy to glabrate, often gland-dotted; pappi persistent, of 10–80 usually smooth or barbellulate to barbellate, sometimes plumose or subplumose bristles in 1 series. x = 9.
Distribution
North America, Mexico, Central America.
Discussion
Species ca. 100 (32 in the flora).
Selected References
Lower Taxa
Key
1 | Pappi usually of plumose or subplumose, sometimes barbellate, bristles | > 2 |
1 | Pappi usually of smooth or barbellulate to barbellate, sometimes subplumose, bristles | > 4 |
2 | Phyllaries puberulent, often densely gland-dotted as well | Brickellia eupatorioides |
2 | Phyllaries glabrous or puberulent (not gland-dotted) | > 3 |
3 | Stems (at least distally) pubescent (lacking relatively long, gland-tipped hairs); florets9–12 | Brickellia brachyphylla |
3 | Stems (at least distally) stipitate-glandular (hairs relatively long); florets 11–22 | Brickellia hinckleyi |
4 | Florets (40–)45–90 | > 5 |
4 | Florets 3–30(–50) | > 9 |
5 | Stems and leaves densely white-tomentose | Brickellia incana |
5 | Stems and leaves glabrous or glandular-puberulent, puberulent, pubescent, stipitate-glandular, strigose, villous, or viscid-glandular, often gland-dotted as well (not tomentose) | > 6 |
6 | Shrubs; leaf margins usually sharply dentate or dentate-serrate, rarely entire;outer phyllaries ovate, lance-ovate, or lance-linear | Brickellia atractyloides |
6 | Perennials (caudices woody); leaf margins crenate, crenate-dentate, dentate, or serrate; outer phyllaries lance-ovate to narrowly lanceolate | > 7 |
7 | Peduncles 0–2 mm; involucres 14–18 mm; cypselae 5.5–7 mm | Brickellia greenei |
7 | Peduncles 4–50 mm; involucres 7–14 mm; cypselae 4–5 mm | > 8 |
8 | Petioles 10–70 mm; peduncles 4–30 mm; involucres 7–12 mm; phyllaries 30–40; corollas 6.5–7.5 mm | Brickellia grandiflora |
8 | Petioles 3–20 mm; peduncles 20–50 mm; involucres 12–14 mm; phyllaries 40–60; corollas 9–10 mm | Brickellia simplex |
9 | Florets 3–7 | > 10 |
9 | Florets 8–30(–50) | > 11 |
10 | Leaf blades lance-elliptic, lance-ovate, lanceolate, lance-linear, or linear, margins entire or nearly so, faces gland-dotted (and shiny), often puberulent as well | Brickellia longifolia |
10 | Leaf blades lance-ovate to lanceolate, margins dentate to serrate, faces gland-dotted and sparsely pubescent (not shiny) | Brickellia knappiana |
11 | Petioles 4–70 mm | > 12 |
11 | Petioles 0–5 mm | > 19 |
12 | Leaf apices acuminate or long-acuminate to attenuate | > 13 |
12 | Leaf apices acute to obtuse or rounded | > 16 |
13 | Phyllaries, outer: apices obtuse to acute (cypselae 2–2.5 mm) | Brickellia rusbyi |
13 | Phyllaries, outer: apices acute, acuminate, or mucronate | > 14 |
14 | Shrubs; leaf margins subentire or ± toothed (usually with 1–3 sets of sharp teeth near bases); phyllaries 17–22 | Brickellia coulteri |
14 | Perennials; leaf margins crenate, dentate, or serrate; phyllaries 28–40 | > 15 |
15 | Heads (erect in fruit) in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays; corollas pale yellow-green, often purple-tinged, 6–7.2 mm; pappi of 38–46 purple-tinged bristles | Brickellia cordifolia |
15 | Heads (nodding in flower and fruit) in loose, corymbiform or paniculiform arrays; corollas pale yellow-green; pappi of 20–30white bristles | Brickellia grandiflora |
16 | Perennials; stems and peduncles stipitate-glandular | > 17 |
16 | Shrubs; stems and peduncles pubescent or glandular-pubescent | > 18 |
17 | Leaf bases rounded to cuneate; petioles 4–10 mm; phyllaries: outer ovate to lance-ovate or lanceolate (equaling or surpassing inner,glabrous or sparsely glandular-hirtellous) | Brickellia chenopodina |
17 | Leaf bases truncate to cordate; petioles 20–35 mm; phyllaries: outerovate to lanceolate (shorter than inner, glandular-hirtellous) | Brickellia floribunda |
18 | Leaves: bases cuneate, margins laciniate-dentate; peduncles 5–40 mm | Brickellia baccharidea |
18 | Leaves: bases cordate to truncate, margins crenate to serrate; peduncles 1–5 mm | Brickellia californica |
19 | Leaves opposite | > 20 |
19 | Leaves alternate | > 28 |
20 | Stems and leaves mostly puberulent to pubescent, sometimes gland-dotted (not glandular-pubescent or stipitate-glandular) | > 21 |
20 | Stems and leaves pubescent, puberulent, or tomentulose and gland-dotted, glandular-pubescent, or stipitate-glandular | > 22 |
21 | Perennials mostly 30–90 cm; leaf blades oblong, obovate, or ovate,(15–)30–80 × 10–35 mm | Brickellia betonicifolia |
21 | Perennials 12–30 cm; leaf blades deltate-ovate to lanceolate, 7–30 × 4–28 mm | Brickellia parvula |
22 | Shrubs; leaf blades mostly 3–15 mm; peduncles 0–3 mm | > 23 |
22 | Perennials; leaf blades (2–)15–160 mm; peduncles (1–)3–150 mm (if less than 3 mm, bracteate) | > 24 |
23 | Phyllaries 20–24; florets 8–12 | Brickellia desertorum |
23 | Phyllaries 35–40; florets 18–33 | Brickellia veronicifolia |
24 | Leaf blades oblong to linear, 2–10 mm wide, margins entire ordentate; peduncles (20–)30–150 mm | Brickellia venosa |
24 | Leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, oblong, obovate, ovate, or subdeltate, mostly 10–75 mm wide, margins crenate to serrate; peduncles 1–15(–25) mm | > 25 |
25 | Peduncles (bracteate) 1–8 mm; involucres 13–15 mm; phyllar-ies 34–40 | Brickellia pringlei |
25 | Peduncles 2–15(–25) mm; involucres 8–13 mm; phyllaries 18–24 | > 26 |
26 | Leaf bases rounded to cordate (clasping); peduncles densely stipitate-glandular | Brickellia amplexicaulis |
26 | Leaf bases ± cuneate; peduncles densely tomentose, often gland-dotted as well | > 27 |
27 | Phyllaries 18–22 in 5–7 series (lengths in outer 2–3series no more than 1/2 inner) | Brickellia cylindracea |
27 | Phyllaries 18–20 in 3–4(–5) series (lengths in outer series grading to inner) | Brickellia lemmonii |
28 | Leaf blades oblong or spatulate, 1–4 mm wide | Brickellia frutescens |
28 | Leaf blades cordate, elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, subdeltate, or suborbiculate, (3–)10–100 mm wide | > 29 |
29 | Florets 25–50; leaf blades elliptic, oblong, or lance-linear, margins entire | Brickellia oblongifolia |
29 | Florets 8–25(–45); leaf blades cordate, lanceolate, lance-ovate, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, or suborbiculate, margins entire or dentate | > 30 |
30 | Leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, lance-ovate, obovate, ovate, or subdeltate | > 31 |
30 | Leaf blades mostly cordate or ovate to suborbiculate (if oblong, peduncles viscid or glandular-villous) | > 33 |
31 | Shrubs; cypselae usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent | Brickellia dentata |
31 | Perennials; cypselae sparsely to densely pubescent | > 32 |
32 | Phyllaries 18–22 in 5–7 series (lengths of outers to 1/2 inners) | Brickellia cylindracea |
32 | Phyllaries 18–20 in 3–4(–5) series (lengths of outers evenly grading to inners) | Brickellia lemmonii |
33 | Stems and leaves tomentose or densely puberulent, often gland-dotted as well | > 34 |
33 | Stems and leaves sparsely pubescent to hispidulous, often gland-dotted or glandular-villous as well | > 35 |
34 | Involucres 8–10 mm; phyllaries 20–24; florets 8–12 | Brickellia desertorum |
34 | Involucres mostly 10–12 mm; phyllaries 30–38; florets 20–24 | Brickellia nevinii |
35 | Peduncles 0.5–2.5 mm, glandular-viscid; phyllaries 15–25 | Brickellia laciniata |
35 | Peduncles (bracteate) 2–10 mm, viscid to glandular-villous; phyllaries 30–48 | Brickellia microphylla |