Difference between revisions of "Viola purpurea"
Pacific (San Francisco), 2 Feb. 1855: unnumb. 1855.
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− | |distribution= | + | |distribution=B.C.;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Mont.;Nev.;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.;nw Mexico. |
|discussion=<p>Varieties 7 (7 in the flora).</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Varieties 7 (7 in the flora).</p><!-- | ||
--><p>Varieties of <i>Viola purpurea</i> are variable and intergrade. All are found in California; six occur in other western states, one in Mexico, and one in British Columbia. Mature plants are needed for determination.</p> | --><p>Varieties of <i>Viola purpurea</i> are variable and intergrade. All are found in California; six occur in other western states, one in Mexico, and one in British Columbia. Mature plants are needed for determination.</p> | ||
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|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|family=Violaceae | |family=Violaceae | ||
− | |distribution= | + | |distribution=B.C.;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Mont.;Nev.;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.;nw Mexico. |
|reference=None | |reference=None | ||
|publication title=Pacific (San Francisco), | |publication title=Pacific (San Francisco), | ||
|publication year=1855 | |publication year=1855 | ||
|special status=Illustrated | |special status=Illustrated | ||
− | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_265.xml |
|genus=Viola | |genus=Viola | ||
|species=Viola purpurea | |species=Viola purpurea |
Revision as of 23:38, 27 May 2020
Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–25 cm. Stems 1–5(–7), decumbent or spreading to erect, leafy proximally and distally, ± glabrous, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. Leaves basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear, membranous wings, wing margins entire or laciniate, each wing with lanceolate to ± deltate projection, margins entire or laciniate, apex acute to long-acuminate; petiole 1.8–14.5 cm, puberulent to tomentose; blade purplish, purple-tinted, or gray-green abaxially, gray, green, or gray-green adaxially, sometimes shiny adaxially, ovate, orbiculate, oblong, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.8–5.3 × 0.4–4.1 cm, often fleshy, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, oblique or not, margins usually ± crenate, serrate, dentate, or coarsely or irregularly repand-dentate, sometimes entire, usually ciliate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces glabrous, puberulent, or tomentose; cauline similar to basal except: stipules linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ± oblong to ovate, margins entire, lacerate, or laciniate, usually ciliate, apex sometimes divided into 2–3 filiform processes or obtuse; petiole 0.3–19.7 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate, oblong, elliptic, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.9–5.2 × 0.2–2.9 cm, length 0.8–7.1 times width, margins crenate, serrate, dentate, repand-denticulate, undulate-denticulate, sinuate, undulate, or entire, abaxial surface puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, adaxial surface glabrous, sparsely pubescent, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose. Capsules ovoid to ± spherical, 4–7 mm, puberulent. Seeds light to dark brown or mottled gray and brown, 2–3.1 mm. 2n = 12.
Distribution
B.C., Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo., nw Mexico.
Discussion
Varieties 7 (7 in the flora).
Varieties of Viola purpurea are variable and intergrade. All are found in California; six occur in other western states, one in Mexico, and one in British Columbia. Mature plants are needed for determination.
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
Key
1 | Basal and cauline leaf blade surfaces tomentose | Viola purpurea var. aurea |
1 | Basal and cauline leaf blade surfaces ± glabrous, canescent, or puberulent | > 2 |
2 | Stems mostly buried, not much elongated by end of season; plants 1.5–9(–12) cm | > 3 |
2 | Stems usually not buried, usually elongated by end of season; plants 3–25 cm | > 4 |
3 | Cauline leaf margins usually entire, sometimes sinuate; basal leaf margins ± crenate to irregularly repand-dentate or entire. | Viola purpurea var. integrifolia |
3 | Cauline leaf margins usually coarsely crenate or dentate, sometimes ± serrate or ± entire; basal leaf margins coarse-serrate or irregularly dentate or crenate with 2–4 rounded teeth per side | Viola purpurea var. venosa |
4 | Basal leaf base cordate or truncate | Viola purpurea var. dimorpha |
4 | Basal leaf base usually attenuate, sometimes subcordate or truncate | > 5 |
5 | Cauline leaf blade length 3.2–7.1 times width, margins usually undulate-denticulate, sometimes entire | Viola purpurea var. mesophyta |
5 | Cauline leaf blade length 1–3 times width, margins with 3–4(–5) pointed or rounded teeth per side or crenate-serrate | > 6 |
6 | Basal leaf blade margins irregularly crenate, without pointed or rounded teeth; adaxial surface often shiny. | Viola purpurea var. purpurea |
6 | Basal leaf blade margins dentate-serrate with 4–5(–6) pointed or rounded teeth per side; adaxial surface not shiny. | Viola purpurea var. mohavensis |