Difference between revisions of "Cosmos"
Icon. 1: 9, plate 14. 1791.
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|discussion=<p>Species ca. 26 (4 in the flora).</p> | |discussion=<p>Species ca. 26 (4 in the flora).</p> | ||
|tables= | |tables= | ||
| − | |references= | + | |references={{Treatment/Reference |
| + | |id=pandey1986a | ||
| + | |text=Pandey, A. K., S. Chopra, and R. P. Singh. 1986. Development and structure of seeds and fruits in Compositae: Cosmos species. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 65: 362–368. | ||
| + | }}{{Treatment/Reference | ||
| + | |id=sherff1955a | ||
| + | |text=Sherff, E. E. 1955. Cosmos. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora. 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part. 2, pp. 130–146. | ||
| + | }} | ||
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|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association | |illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association | ||
|distribution=Tropical and subtropical America;especially Mexico;widely introduced elsewhere. | |distribution=Tropical and subtropical America;especially Mexico;widely introduced elsewhere. | ||
| − | |reference= | + | |reference=pandey1986a;sherff1955a |
|publication title=Icon. | |publication title=Icon. | ||
|publication year=1791 | |publication year=1791 | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/ | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_500.xml |
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae | |tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae | ||
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae | |subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae | ||
Revision as of 20:38, 16 December 2019
Annuals [perennials or subshrubs], 30–250 cm. Stems usually 1, erect or ascending, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 1–3-pinnately lobed [undivided], ultimate margins usually entire, faces usually glabrous, sometimes glabrate, hispid, puberulent, or scabridulous. Heads radiate, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. Calyculi of [5–]8 basally connate, ± linear to subulate, herbaceous (striate) bractlets. Involucres hemispheric or subhemispheric [cylindric], 3–15 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, [5–]8 in ± 2 series, distinct, lanceolate, lance-oblong, lance-ovate, or oblong, ± equal, membranous or herbaceous, margins ± scarious. Receptacles flat, paleate; paleae falling, linear, flat or slightly concave-convex, scarious (entire). Ray florets [0, 5] 8 (more in “double” cultivars), neuter; corollas white to pink or purple, or yellow to red-orange. Disc florets 10–20[–80+], bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow [orange] (at least distally), tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (staminal filaments hairy near anthers; style branches linear, flattened, thicker distally, hirtellous, appendages relatively slender). Cypselae (dark brown or black) relatively slender, quadrangular-cylindric or -fusiform [outer somewhat obcompressed], sometimes slightly arcuate, attenuate-beaked, not winged [winged], faces glabrous or hispid to scabridulous or ± setose, sometimes papillate, usually with 1 groove; pappi persistent [falling], of 2–4[–8] retrorsely [antrorsely] barbed awns, sometimes 0. x = 12.
Distribution
Tropical and subtropical America, especially Mexico, widely introduced elsewhere.
Discussion
Species ca. 26 (4 in the flora).
Selected References
Lower Taxa
Key
| 1 | Ray laminae yellow to red-orange | Cosmos sulphureus |
| 1 | Ray laminae pink, purple, purplish, rose-pink, violet, or white | > 2 |
| 2 | Leaves: ultimate lobes 2–10 mm wide | Cosmos caudatus |
| 2 | Leaves: ultimate lobes to 1.5 mm wide | > 3 |
| 3 | Ray laminae 15–50 mm | Cosmos bipinnatus |
| 3 | Ray laminae 5–9 mm | Cosmos parviflorus |