Difference between revisions of "Asteraceae tribe Calenduleae"
J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 161. 1819.
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, shrubs, or trees. <b>Leaves</b> cauline [rosulate]; usually alternate, sometimes opposite; petiolate or sessile; margins usually entire or dentate, sometimes lobed to dissected. <b>Heads</b> heterogamous (radiate), borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays. <b>Calyculi</b> 0 (peduncular bractlets sometimes intergrade with phyllaries). <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent, in (1–)2(–3) series, distinct [connate], usually ± equal, usually herbaceous (sometimes fleshy), margins and/or apices ± scarious. <b>Receptacles</b> flat to conic, epaleate (sometimes bristly-setose). <b>Ray</b> florets in 1–2+ series (more in horticultural “doubles”), pistillate, fertile [styliferous and sterile or neuter]; corollas usually yellow to orange and/or cyanic to white (abaxial and adaxial faces often different colors). <b>Disc</b> florets usually functionally staminate, sometimes bisexual and fertile; corollas yellow, orange, or cyanic (sometimes combinations within corollas), lobes 5, ± deltate (tips sometimes terete or dilated); anther bases ± tailed, apical appendages ovate to deltate; styles abaxially papillate (at least near tips), branches sometimes barely discernible (0.5–1 mm), adaxially stigmatic in 2 lines from bases to apices, apices rounded to truncate, appendages penicillate or essentially none. <b>Cypselae</b> usually polymorphic within heads (straight, arcuate, contorted, or ± coiled), ± columnar to prismatic, sometimes obcompressed, compressed, or flattened, sometimes ± beaked, bodies usually tuberculate, ridged, and/or winged (usually glabrous; blue-black and drupelike in Chrysanthemoides); pappi 0 [bristles].</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, shrubs, or trees. <b>Leaves</b> cauline [rosulate]; usually alternate, sometimes opposite; petiolate or sessile; margins usually entire or dentate, sometimes lobed to dissected. <b>Heads</b> heterogamous (radiate), borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays. <b>Calyculi</b> 0 (peduncular bractlets sometimes intergrade with phyllaries). <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent, in (1–)2(–3) series, distinct [connate], usually ± equal, usually herbaceous (sometimes fleshy), margins and/or apices ± scarious. <b>Receptacles</b> flat to conic, epaleate (sometimes bristly-setose). <b>Ray</b> florets in 1–2+ series (more in horticultural “doubles”), pistillate, fertile [styliferous and sterile or neuter]; corollas usually yellow to orange and/or cyanic to white (abaxial and adaxial faces often different colors). <b>Disc</b> florets usually functionally staminate, sometimes bisexual and fertile; corollas yellow, orange, or cyanic (sometimes combinations within corollas), lobes 5, ± deltate (tips sometimes terete or dilated); anther bases ± tailed, apical appendages ovate to deltate; styles abaxially papillate (at least near tips), branches sometimes barely discernible (0.5–1 mm), adaxially stigmatic in 2 lines from bases to apices, apices rounded to truncate, appendages penicillate or essentially none. <b>Cypselae</b> usually polymorphic within heads (straight, arcuate, contorted, or ± coiled), ± columnar to prismatic, sometimes obcompressed, compressed, or flattened, sometimes ± beaked, bodies usually tuberculate, ridged, and/or winged (usually glabrous; blue-black and drupelike in <i>Chrysanthemoides</i>); pappi 0 [bristles].</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
|distribution=most in Africa;also Atlantic Islands;Europe;and sw Asia;some are widely cultivated and become ± established in local floras. | |distribution=most in Africa;also Atlantic Islands;Europe;and sw Asia;some are widely cultivated and become ± established in local floras. | ||
|discussion=<p>Genera ca. 8, species 100+ (4 genera, 7 species in the flora).</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Genera ca. 8, species 100+ (4 genera, 7 species in the flora).</p><!-- | ||
| − | --><p>Plants of Dimorphotheca cuneata (Thunberg) Lessing, a native of southern Africa, have been collected outside cultivation in Arizona (Gila County, ca. 1000 m): subshrubs or shrubs to 100 cm, leaves cuneate to obovate, 1–2(–3)cm, margins dentate to denticulate, faces ± glutinous, phyllaries usually 13, 6–9 mm, ray corollas abaxially bluish to violet, adaxially white, disc cypselae obovate to nearly orbiculate, 10 mm.</p> | + | --><p>Plants of <i>Dimorphotheca</i> cuneata (Thunberg) Lessing, a native of southern Africa, have been collected outside cultivation in Arizona (Gila County, ca. 1000 m): subshrubs or shrubs to 100 cm, leaves cuneate to obovate, 1–2(–3)cm, margins dentate to denticulate, faces ± glutinous, phyllaries usually 13, 6–9 mm, ray corollas abaxially bluish to violet, adaxially white, disc cypselae obovate to nearly orbiculate, 10 mm.</p> |
|tables= | |tables= | ||
|references={{Treatment/Reference | |references={{Treatment/Reference | ||
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|publication year=1819 | |publication year=1819 | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/ | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_612.xml |
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Calenduleae | |tribe=Asteraceae tribe Calenduleae | ||
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-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae]] | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae]] | ||
Revision as of 15:13, 18 September 2019
Annuals, perennials, shrubs, or trees. Leaves cauline [rosulate]; usually alternate, sometimes opposite; petiolate or sessile; margins usually entire or dentate, sometimes lobed to dissected. Heads heterogamous (radiate), borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays. Calyculi 0 (peduncular bractlets sometimes intergrade with phyllaries). Phyllaries persistent, in (1–)2(–3) series, distinct [connate], usually ± equal, usually herbaceous (sometimes fleshy), margins and/or apices ± scarious. Receptacles flat to conic, epaleate (sometimes bristly-setose). Ray florets in 1–2+ series (more in horticultural “doubles”), pistillate, fertile [styliferous and sterile or neuter]; corollas usually yellow to orange and/or cyanic to white (abaxial and adaxial faces often different colors). Disc florets usually functionally staminate, sometimes bisexual and fertile; corollas yellow, orange, or cyanic (sometimes combinations within corollas), lobes 5, ± deltate (tips sometimes terete or dilated); anther bases ± tailed, apical appendages ovate to deltate; styles abaxially papillate (at least near tips), branches sometimes barely discernible (0.5–1 mm), adaxially stigmatic in 2 lines from bases to apices, apices rounded to truncate, appendages penicillate or essentially none. Cypselae usually polymorphic within heads (straight, arcuate, contorted, or ± coiled), ± columnar to prismatic, sometimes obcompressed, compressed, or flattened, sometimes ± beaked, bodies usually tuberculate, ridged, and/or winged (usually glabrous; blue-black and drupelike in Chrysanthemoides); pappi 0 [bristles].
Distribution
most in Africa, also Atlantic Islands, Europe, and sw Asia, some are widely cultivated and become ± established in local floras.
Discussion
Genera ca. 8, species 100+ (4 genera, 7 species in the flora).
Plants of Dimorphotheca cuneata (Thunberg) Lessing, a native of southern Africa, have been collected outside cultivation in Arizona (Gila County, ca. 1000 m): subshrubs or shrubs to 100 cm, leaves cuneate to obovate, 1–2(–3)cm, margins dentate to denticulate, faces ± glutinous, phyllaries usually 13, 6–9 mm, ray corollas abaxially bluish to violet, adaxially white, disc cypselae obovate to nearly orbiculate, 10 mm.
Selected References
Lower Taxa
Key
| 1 | Shrubs or trees; cypselae fleshy (drupelike) | Chrysanthemoides |
| 1 | Annuals, perennials, or shrubs; cypselae not fleshy (often tuberculate or ridged and/or winged) | > 2 |
| 2 | Disc florets bisexual (some or all fertile) | Dimorphotheca |
| 2 | Disc florets all functionally staminate | > 3 |
| 3 | Cypselae arcuate to ± coiled, abaxially tuberculate, sometimes winged | Calendula |
| 3 | Cypselae triquetrous-prismatic to clavate, ± tuberculate and/or winged | Osteospermum |