View source for Triphora

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Triphora
|accepted_authority=Nuttall
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. N. Amer. Pl.
|place=2: 192. 1818
|year=1818
}}
|common_names=Three-birds orchid
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Orchidaceae;Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae;Orchidaceae tribe Triphoreae;Triphora
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orchidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Orchidaceae tribe Triphoreae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Triphora]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek tri, 3-fold, and phoros, bearing, possibly in reference to the few-flowered inflorescence or the 3 crests on the lip of the type species
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 494, 497
|treatment_page=page 592
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, terrestrial, apparently epiphytic in one species, photosynthetic to mycotrophic. <b>Roots</b> fleshy, with a few filiform roots from stem base, some terminating in tuberoids. <b>Stems</b> erect, usually simple, terete, succulent, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> 1–10, alternate and distichous, or solitary at midstem, without stipules, glabrous, sessile, not articulate, clasping stem; blade lance-ovate to ovate, or reduced to sheathing bracts. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, solitary or 1–10-flowered racemes, flowers axillary or terminal, arrangement spiral; floral bracts consisting of smaller proximalmost leaves, ovate to cordate, foliose. <b>Flowers</b> resupinate or not, short-pedicellate; sepals and petals distinct and free; dorsal sepal lanceolate to oblanceolate; lateral sepals lanceolate, slightly falcate; petals linear-lanceolate to lanceolate; lip clawed, 3-lobed; disc with 3 lines or crests; column slender, 5–10 mm, footless; anther erect, white or pale green (with magenta margins in <i>Triphora</i> trianthophora), short-stalked, not articulate, rigid; pollinia 2; pollen in tetrads, soft, mealy; ovary fusiform, slender; stigma proximal to anther, entire or 2-lobed; rostellum simple or absent. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, erect or pendent, ellipsoid-ovoid or obovoid, with 6 low, narrow keels.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=e North America;West Indies;Central America;South America.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 25 (5 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Most species of <i>Triphora</i> exist in small, scattered populations and exhibit synchronous, ephemeral flowering; flowers last only one day. Synchrony enhances the chances for fertilization. Isolated flowers are rarely fertilized.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=ames1905d
|text=Ames, 0. 1905–1922. Orchidaceae: Illustrations and Studies of the Family Orchidaceae Issuing from the Ames Botanical Laboratory…. 7 vols. Boston and New York. Vol. 7.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=medley1996a
|text=Medley, M. E. 1996. Notes on collections of Triphora (Orchidaceae) from the American tropics. Selbyana 17: 83–87.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers not resupinate, lip facing stem at anthesis, always erect; column yellowish.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers resupinate, lip facing away from stem at anthesis, erect or nodding; column white or pale green.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves bractlike, ascending, usually partially sheathing stem; inflorescences corymbose racemes.
|[[Triphora gentianoides|Triphora gentianoides]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves not bractlike, diverging at ± right angles from stem; inflorescences racemes, not corymbose.
|[[Triphora yucatanensis|Triphora yucatanensis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves deep purple abaxially, often faded on dried specimens, ovate to cordate, not reniform; flowers 1–3; lip white with irregular purple spots, disc with 3 parallel white longitudinal crests, not papillose; pollinia yellow.
|[[Triphora craigheadii|Triphora craigheadii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves green to yellow-green on both surfaces, sometimes veined with purple abaxially, broadly ovate to nearly reniform; flowers 1–6; lip white, disc with 3 green longitudinal crests, papillose; pollinia yellow or magenta.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Flowers (1–)3–6(–20), lip crests bright green; leaves ovate; pollinia magenta.subsp. trianthophoros
|[[Triphora trianthophoros|Triphora trianthophoros]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Flowers 1, lip crests pale green; leaves broadly ovate to reniform; pollinia yellow.
|[[Triphora amazonica|Triphora amazonica]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Triphora
|author=Max E. Medley
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Orchidaceae
|distribution=e North America;West Indies;Central America;South America.
|reference=ames1905d;medley1996a
|publication title=Gen. N. Amer. Pl.
|publication year=1818
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V26/V26_1208.xml
|subfamily=Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae
|tribe=Orchidaceae tribe Triphoreae
|genus=Triphora
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Orchidaceae tribe Triphoreae]]