View source for Tragia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Tragia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 980. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Noseburns
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Euphorbiaceae;Tragia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Euphorbiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Tragia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Hieronymus Bock, 1498–1553, German botanist; from Greek tragos, goat, bock being the German equivalent
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 157, 158, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191
|treatment_page=page 184
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> subshrubs, or vines, perennial, monoecious [dioecious]; hairy, hairs unbranched, always some stinging (sometimes inconspicuous except on ovaries and capsules), sometimes glandular; latex absent. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous, alternate, simple (usually 3-foliolate in <i>T. laciniata</i>); stipules present, persistent; petiole present, glands absent; blade usually unlobed, sometimes lobed basally (sometimes deeply 3-lobed in <i>T. laciniata</i>) [palmately lobed], margins serrate, crenate, dentate, or entire, laminar glands absent; venation pinnate or palmate at base, pinnate distally [palmate]. <b>Inflorescences</b> bisexual (pistillate flowers proximal, staminate distal) [unisexual], axillary, terminal, or leaf-opposed, racemes [rarely with single pistillate branch]; glands subtending each bract 0. <b>Pedicels</b> present, staminate with persistent base, pistillate elongated in fruit. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: sepals 3–5, usually green, sometimes reddish green, not petaloid, valvate, distinct; petals 0; nectary absent [present]; stamens 2–6(–10)[–25], distinct or connate basally (connate 1/2 length in <i>T. nigricans</i>); pistillode present [absent]. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: sepals 6, usually green, sometimes reddish green, not petaloid, connate basally; petals 0; nectary absent; pistil 3-carpellate; styles 3, connate basally to 1/2 [most of] length, unbranched. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, usually 3 carpels maturing, except often 1 maturing in <i>T. brevispica</i>. <b>Seeds</b> globose to ovoid; caruncle absent.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Australia;primarily tropical and subtropical regions.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 175 (15 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Tragia</i> is a taxonomically difficult genus that is characterized by stinging hairs. Although many species of <i>Tragia</i> are twining vines, most species in the flora area are subshrubs or herbs. Some species are used medicinally for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, vermifugic, and antihyperglycemic properties. Two sections are represented in the flora area: <i>Tragia</i> and Leptobotrys (Baillon) Müller Arg. Molecular phylogenetic analysis (W. M. Cardinal-McTeague and L. J. Gillespie, unpubl.) suggests that <i>Tragia</i> is polyphyletic and that sect. Leptobotrys (<i>T. smallii</i>, <i>T. urens</i>) should be segregated as a distinct genus; these results are supported by pollen morphology (L. J. Gillespie 1994). <i>Tragia</i> volubilis Linnaeus was collected from Florida once (1842–1848, F. Rugel, US), but has not been collected there since and is presumed extirpated in the flora area. This species is widespread in the Caribbean and Latin America.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=miller1964b
|text=Miller, K. I. 1964. A Taxonomic Study of the Species of Tragia in the United States. Ph.D. thesis. Purdue University.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=miller1967a
|text=Miller, K. I. and G. L. Webster. 1967. A preliminary revision of Tragia (Euphorbiaceae) in the United States. Rhodora 69: 241–305.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=urtecho1996a
|text=Urtecho, R. J. 1996. A Taxonomic Study of the Mexican Species of Tragia (Euphorbiaceae). Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Davis.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescence glands stipitate.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Fruiting pedicels 3–7 mm; leaf blades narrowly ovate to lanceolate, bases shallowly cordate to truncate; persistent base of staminate pedicels 0.3–0.7 mm; stigmas smooth to undulate; Texas.
|[[Tragia glanduligera|Tragia glanduligera]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Fruiting pedicels 7–11 mm; leaf blades ovate to triangular-ovate, bases deeply cordate; persistent base of staminate pedicels 1.8–2 mm; stigmas undulate to subpapillate; Arizona.
|[[Tragia jonesii|Tragia jonesii]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescence glands absent or sessile (T. nepetifolia and T. ramosa).
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Capsules 11–13 mm wide; leaf blades 4.5–10(–13) cm, base cordate; petioles 15–85 mm; stamens 3.
|[[Tragia cordata|Tragia cordata]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Capsules 4–11 mm wide (9–13 mm in T. smallii); leaf blades 1–8(–10) cm, base acute, obtuse, subcuneate, cuneate, truncate, subcordate, cordate, subhastate, or hastate; petioles 0–38(–41) mm; stamens 2–6(–10).
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stamens 2.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blades orbiculate to elliptic, margins serrate to crenate.
|[[Tragia smallii|Tragia smallii]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blades usually oblanceolate to linear, sometimes elliptic, margins entire or irregularly sinuate.
|[[Tragia urens|Tragia urens]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stamens 3–6(–10).
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves usually 3-foliolate, sometimes 3-lobed nearly to base.
|[[Tragia laciniata|Tragia laciniata]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves simple, usually unlobed, sometimes lobed basally.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems purple-green to reddish black or brownish red to maroon-green; staminate flowers 2–5 per raceme.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades acicular to narrowly oblong, 1–6 cm, margins usually entire, sometimes serrulate, petioles 0.5–2 mm; stamens connate basally; capsules 4–5 mm wide.
|[[Tragia leptophylla|Tragia leptophylla]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades oblong to oblanceolate, 3–7 cm, margins coarsely serrate, petioles 1–5 mm; stamens connate 1/2 length; capsules 6–7 mm wide.
|[[Tragia nigricans|Tragia nigricans]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems green, whitish green, reddish green, dark green, or gray-green; staminate flowers 2–80 per raceme.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Stigmas papillate.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaf blade margins coarsely dentate to coarsely serrate; staminate sepals reddish green; Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico.
|[[Tragia nepetifolia|Tragia nepetifolia]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaf blade margins serrate; staminate sepals green, sometimes red-tinged; c, e United States.
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Staminate flowers 15–80 per raceme, distally clustered; persistent base of staminate pedicel 0.3–0.6 mm, shorter than subtending bract; pistillate sepals 1.8–5 mm.
|[[Tragia betonicifolia|Tragia betonicifolia]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Staminate flowers 11–40 per raceme, evenly distributed; persistent base of staminate pedicel 1–1.8 mm, longer than subtending bract; pistillate sepals 1.3–2.3 mm.
|[[Tragia urticifolia|Tragia urticifolia]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Stigmas smooth, undulate, or subpapillate.
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Leaf blades suborbiculate to ovate; Florida.
|[[Tragia saxicola|Tragia saxicola]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Leaf blades linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, ovate, triangular, subhastate or cordate; sc, sw United States.
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Staminate flowers 2–8 per racemes; capsules with often 1 carpel maturing; stems decumbent, twining, or erect, apices usually flexuous.
|[[Tragia brevispica|Tragia brevispica]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Staminate flowers 2–20 per raceme; capsules with usually 3 carpels maturing; stems erect to trailing, apices flexuous or not.
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Leaf blades usually triangular to subhastate, sometimes ovate, base cordate, hastate, or truncate; stems gray-green, apices often flexuous; stigmas undulate to subpapillate; styles connate to 1/3 length, short-exserted; stamens 3–4.
|[[Tragia amblyodonta|Tragia amblyodonta]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Leaf blades linear-lanceolate to narrowly ovate, base truncate to weakly cordate; stems dark green to light green, apices rarely flexuous; stigmas smooth to undulate; styles connate 1/3–1/2 length, long-exserted; stamens 3–6(–10).
|[[Tragia ramosa|Tragia ramosa]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Tragia
|author=Roberto J. Urtecho
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Euphorbiaceae
|distribution=United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Australia;primarily tropical and subtropical regions.
|reference=miller1964b;miller1967a;urtecho1996a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_1061.xml
|genus=Tragia
}}<!--

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