View source for Schoenoplectus smithii

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Schoenoplectus smithii
|accepted_authority=(A. Gray) Soják
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír.
|place=141: 62. 1972
|year=1972
}}
|common_names=Smith’s bulrush
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Scirpus smithii
|authority=A. Gray
|rank=species
|publication_title=Manual ed.
|publication_place=5, 563. 1867
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Schoenoplectus;Schoenoplectus sect. Actaeogeton;Schoenoplectus smithii
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Schoenoplectus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Schoenoplectus sect. Actaeogeton]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Schoenoplectus smithii]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 46, 55, 57
|treatment_page=page 56
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual; rhizomes 1 mm diam. <b>Culms</b> often arching (to decumbent), terete, 0.02–0.5 m × 0.5–1.5 mm. <b>Leaves</b> 1, to equaling culm; sheath fronts not pinnate-fimbrillose; blades 0–1, cross section C-shaped, from a mucro to longer than a sheath by 0.5 mm, smooth. <b>Inflorescences</b> capitate or 1 spikelet; proximal bract erect, very rarely divergent, on longer culms of plants 5–150 mm and 1/5–2/3 culm length. <b>Spikelets</b> 1–15, 5–12 × 3(–4) mm; scales straw-colored to orange-brown, often lineolate-spotted, midrib region usually green becoming straw-colored, obovate, 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm, smooth, margins distally ciliolate at 20X, flanks in proximal part of spikelet each with 2–10 distinct ribs, apex rounded, entire, mucronate. <b>Flowers</b>: perianth bristles 0 or 4–6, rarely 1–3, brown, ± equaling to 2 times longer than achene, rarely much shorter, slender throughout, densely to sparsely retrorsely-spreading spinulose; anthers 0.4–0.6 mm; styles 2-fid or 2-fid and 3-fid. <b>Achenes</b> brown, turning blackish, thinly to thickly plano-convex or unequally biconvex, sometimes clearly trigonous with distinct, narrow abaxial angle, adaxial face without central bulge, cuneate-obovoid, proximally evenly tapered and usually without stipelike constriction, 1.5–2 × 1.2–1.5 mm, base 0.2–0.3 mm wide; beak 0.1–0.2 mm, very finely longitudinally ridged at 20–30X.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=N.B.;Ont.;Que.;Conn.;Del.;Ill.;Ind.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;N.C.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;Va.;Vt.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Plants of <i>Schoenoplectus smithii</i> with perianth bristles are easily disinguished from <i>S. purshianus</i> by the uniformly slender bristles in <i>S. smithii</i>; plants without bristles may be identified using the achene characters as indicated in the key. In addition, in <i>S. smithii</i> the receptacle collar is relatively small, the achenes are usually widest distal to the middle, the summit is often subtruncate, the adaxial face is often plane, the abaxial face is without a central bulge and sometimes has a distinct narrow angle, and when mature the surface has fine longitudinal ridges. In contrast, in <i>S. purshianus</i> the receptacle collar is relatively large, the achenes are usually widest at the middle, the summit is usually rounded, the adaxial face is nearly always convex, the abaxial face has a distinct central bulge and never a narrow angle, and the surface lacks fine longitudinal ridges.</p><!--
--><p>The eastern Asian <i>Scirpus</i> komarovii Roshevitz [= <i>Schoenoplectus</i> komarovii (Roshevitz) Soják] was treated as <i>Scirpus</i> smithii var. leiocarpus (Komarov) T. Koyama (= <i>Schoenoplectus smithii</i> subsp. leiocarpus Soják) by T. Koyama (1962b); it is better to treat S. komarovii as a distinct Asian species and <i>S. smithii</i> as restricted to North America pending further research (S. G. Smith and E. Hayasaka 2002).</p><!--
--><p>The varieties of <i>Scirpus</i> smithii were reduced to <i>S. smithii</i> forma setosus (Fernald) Fernald and <i>S. smithii</i> A. Gray forma levisetus (Fassett) Fernald (M. L. Fernald 1942). It seems better to treat those taxa as ecotypic varieties following W. R. Ferren Jr. and A. E. Schuyler (1980) because they reportedly grow in different habitats (S. G. Smith and E. Hayasaka 2002) and thus may be valuable as ecologic indicators. The varieties are undoubtedly more widely distributed than given here; distributions were based on specimens I have seen and reports by A. E. Schuyler (1972) and W. R. Ferren Jr. and A. E. Schuyler (1980).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Perianth bristles absent or rudimentary.
|[[Schoenoplectus smithii var. smithii|Schoenoplectus smithii var. smithii]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Perianth bristles present, some well developed.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perianth bristles 4–6, equaling to twice as long as achene, densely spinulose.
|[[Schoenoplectus smithii var. setosus|Schoenoplectus smithii var. setosus]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perianth bristles 1–4, much shorter than to nearly equaling achene, smooth or very sparsely spinulose.
|[[Schoenoplectus smithii var. levisetus|Schoenoplectus smithii var. levisetus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Schoenoplectus smithii
|authority=(A. Gray) Soják
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Scirpus smithii
|family=Cyperaceae
|distribution=N.B.;Ont.;Que.;Conn.;Del.;Ill.;Ind.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;N.C.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;Va.;Vt.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír.
|publication year=1972
|special status=Illustrated;Endemic
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_82.xml
|genus=Schoenoplectus
|section=Schoenoplectus sect. Actaeogeton
|species=Schoenoplectus smithii
}}<!--

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[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Schoenoplectus sect. Actaeogeton]]
[[Category:Revised Since Print]]