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You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Sanionia |accepted_authority=Loeske |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Hedwigia |place=46: 309. 1907 |year=1907 }} |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Amblystegiaceae;Sanionia |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Amblystegiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sanionia]]</div></div> |etymology=For Carl Gustav Sanio, 1832–1891, German botanist |volume=Volume 28 |mention_page=page 263, 264, 298, 307, 309, 654 |treatment_page=page 306 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>small to large, green or yellowish green. <b>Stems</b> pinnate ± in one plane or irregularly branched to almost unbranched; hyalodermis present, central strand present; paraphyllia absent; rhizoids or rhizoid initials on stem or abaxial costa insertion, rarely forming tomentum, slightly branched, smooth; axillary hair distal cells 1–8, hyaline. <b>Stem</b> leaves crowded, circinate, falcate, or almost straight, lanceolate, plicate or rarely not, 0.3–1.7 mm wide; base not or hardly decurrent; margins sometimes incurved proximally, plane or recurved distally, finely denticulate or entire proximally, very finely to strongly denticulate distally, limbidia absent; apex acuminate to very long-acuminate; costa single, ending in acumen; alar cells differentiated, short- to long-rectangular, inflated, hyaline, region transversely triangular or ± isodiametric; medial laminal cells linear; marginal cells 1-stratose. <b>Sexual</b> condition autoicous. <b>Capsule</b> horizontal, erect, or inclined, cylindric or short-cylindric, curved to straight; peristome perfect or specialized; exostome teeth margins dentate distally; endostome cilia well developed, rudimentary, or absent. <b>Spores</b> 10–21 µm.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=North America;Mexico;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Atlantic Islands;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia;Antarctica. |discussion=<p>Species 4 (4 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p><i>Sanionia</i> is characterized by its well-developed hyalodermis, plicate leaves, hyaline, thin-walled, inflated alar cells forming a transversely triangular or ± isodiametric group, sometimes prorate distal cell ends on the abaxial lamina, and, except in the strongly specialized <i>S. nivalis</i>, very long-acuminate inner perichaetial leaves. Except for <i>S. nivalis</i>, the species generally occur in drier habitats than members of, for example, <i>Drepanocladus</i>, <i>Scorpidium</i>, or <i>Warnstorfia</i>. The other members of the traditional, widely circumscribed genus <i>Drepanocladus</i> in the broad sense that are most closely related to <i>Sanionia</i> are now placed in <i>Drepanocladus</i> and <i>Pseudocalliergon</i>; the latter two genera lack a hyalodermis, have 1–3 rather than 1–8 distal cells of the axillary hairs, and have generally non-plicate rather than plicate leaves. However, because some small phenotypes of <i>Sanionia</i> may also have nearly to entirely non-plicate leaves, the last character should be used with caution. The structures of the alar regions are different, and the exostome margins are more weakly dentate than in <i>S. uncinata</i>, which is the only <i>Sanionia</i> species with an unspecialized peristome. Features separating <i>Sanionia</i> from <i>Hamatocaulis</i>, <i>Loeskypnum</i>, <i>Sarmentypnum</i>, <i>Scorpidium</i>, or <i>Warnstorfia</i> are pointed out in the discussion of 61. Calliergonaceae.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Stem leaf apices acuminate to long-acuminate; margins strongly denticulate distally; alar regions ± isodiametric, transition to supra-alar cells gradual, supra-alar cells rectangular or long-rectangular, ± echlorophyllose; endostome strongly perforated all over; perichaetial inner leaves ± suddenly narrowed to apex, margins strongly denticulate to dentate distally. |[[Sanionia nivalis|Sanionia nivalis]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Stem leaf apices long- to very long-acuminate; margins finely denticulate to denticulate distally; alar regions transversely triangular, transition to supra-alar cells sudden, supra-alar cells quadrate to rectangular, chlorophyllose; endostome perforated only along midline of processes; perichaetial inner leaves gradually narrowed to apex, margins finely denticulate to denticulate distally |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Stem leaf supra-alar cell walls slightly or strongly incrassate, porose, regions equal in size to or larger than alar region; stem leaf costae in bottom of deep, narrow-angled fold; endostome in recently dehisced capsules strongly yellow, basal membrane 20-30% endostome height. |[[Sanionia orthothecioides|Sanionia orthothecioides]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Stem leaf supra-alar cell walls thin or slightly incrassate, eporose, regions equal in size to or smaller than alar region; stem leaf costae in bottom of shallow, wide-angled fold (or not in fold); endostome in recently dehisced capsules pale, brownish to yellowish, or strongly yellow, basal membrane 25-45% total endostome height |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Endostome in recently dehisced capsules pale, brownish to yellowish, basal membrane 36-45% total endostome height, cilia well developed; capsules horizontal or rarely erect to inclined. |[[Sanionia uncinata|Sanionia uncinata]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Endostome in recently dehisced capsules strongly yellow, basal membrane 25-33% total endostome height, cilia rudimentary; capsules erect or slightly inclined. |[[Sanionia symmetrica|Sanionia symmetrica]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Sanionia |author=Lars Hedenäs |authority=Loeske |rank=genus |parent rank=family |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Amblystegiaceae |distribution=North America;Mexico;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Atlantic Islands;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia;Antarctica. |reference=None |publication title=Hedwigia |publication year=1907 |special status= |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V28/V28_479.xml |genus=Sanionia }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Amblystegiaceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Amblystegiaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Sanionia.