View source for Saccharum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Saccharum
|accepted_authority=L.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae;Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae;Saccharum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Saccharum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 25
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 609
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial; cespitose, often with a knotty crown, sometimes rhizomatous, rhizomes usually short but elongate in some species, rarely stoloniferous. <b>Culms</b> 0.8-6 m, erect. <b>Leaves</b> cauline, not aromatic; sheaths usually glabrous, sometimes ciliate at the throats; ligules membranous, ciliate; blades flat, lax, smooth, usually glabrous. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, large, often plumose, fully exserted panicles with evident rachises and numerous, ascending to appressed branches terminating in multiple rames, branches alternate, sometimes naked below; rames with numerous sessile-pedicellate spikelet pairs and a terminal triad of 1 sessile and 2 pedicellate spikelets, internodes slender, without a translucent median groove; disarticulation beneath the pedicellate spikelets and in the rames beneath the sessile spikelets, sessile spikelets falling with the adjacent internode and pedicel. <b>Spikelet</b> pairs homogamous and homomorphic, or almost so, not embedded in the rame axes, dorsally compressed. <b>Sessile</b> spikelets: calluses truncate, usually with silky hairs; glumes subequal, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous or villous, 2-keeled, veins not raised; lower florets sterile; lower lemmas hyaline or membranous; lower paleas absent or vestigial, entire; upper florets bisexual; upper lemmas entire or bidentate, muticous or awned; lodicules 2, truncate; anthers 2 or 3. <b>Pedicels</b> neither appressed nor fused to the rame axes. <b>Pedicellate</b> spikelets well developed, from slightly shorter than to equaling the sessile spikelets. <b>x</b> = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=N.C.;Va.;Del.;D.C;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Md.;Fla.;Puerto Rico;N.J.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;Tenn.;S.C.;Pa.;Virgin Islands;N.Y.;Colo.;Ala.;Ga.;Okla.;Calif.;Ark.;Ill.;Ind.;Ariz.;Mo.;Ohio;Utah;Mich.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky.
|discussion=<p><i>Saccharum</i> is a genus of 35-40 species that grow throughout the tropics and subtropics. Nine species can be found in the Flora region; five are native, two are grown as ornamentals, one is grown for agriculture, and one for research. Some species of <i>Saccharum</i> hybridize naturally with other, presumably closely related, genera such as <i>Miscanthus</i>, <i>Imperata</i>, and <i>Sorghum</i>. Species with awned lemmas are sometimes placed in a separate genus, Erianthus. The most familiar species of <i>Saccharum</i> is <i>S. officinarum</i>, sugar cane.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=webster1995a
|text=Webster, R.D. and R.B. Shaw. 1995. Taxonomy of the North American species of Saccharum (Poaceae: Andropogoneae). Sida 16:551-580.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Spikelets unawned, or with awns less than 5 mm long; anthers 3.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spikelets with visible awns, the awns 2-5 mm long
|[[Saccharum ravennae|Saccharum ravennae]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spikelets unawned, or the awns concealed by the glumes.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lower glumes of sessile spikelets pubescent
|[[Saccharum bengalense|Saccharum bengalense]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lower glumes of sessile spikelets mostly glabrous, sometimes ciliate distally.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Culms clumped, 2-5 cm thick; rhizomes short; blades 20-60 mm wide
|[[Saccharum officinarum|Saccharum officinarum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Culms solitary or few together, 0.6-2 cm thick; rhizomes elongate; blades 10-25 mm wide
|[[Saccharum spontaneum|Saccharum spontaneum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Spikelets awned, the awns 10-26 mm long; anthers 2.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Awns spirally coiled at the base.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Callus hairs 3-7 mm long, equal to or shorter than the spikelets, white to brown; rachises glabrous or sparsely pilose
|[[Saccharum brevibarbe|Saccharum brevibarbe]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Callus hairs 9-14 mm long, exceeding the spikelets, silvery or tinged with purple; rachises densely pubescent
|[[Saccharum alopecuroides|Saccharum alopecuroides]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Awns straight to curved at the base.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Callus hairs longer than the spikelets; lowest panicle nodes densely pilose
|[[Saccharum giganteum|Saccharum giganteum]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Callus hairs absent or no more than equaling the spikelets; lowest panicle nodes glabrous or sparsely pilose.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Calluses glabrous or with hairs to 2 mm long and exceeded by the spikelets; panicles 1-2.5 cm wide
|[[Saccharum baldwinii|Saccharum baldwinii]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Callus hairs 3-7 mm long, often equaling the spikelets; panicles 3-10 cm wide.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Awns flat basally; lower lemmas of sessile spikelets not or indistinctly veined; upper lemmas 0.9-1 times as long as the lower lemmas
|[[Saccharum brevibarbe|Saccharum brevibarbe]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Awns terete basally; lower lemmas of the sessile spikelets typically 3-veined; upper lemmas 0.7-0.8 times as long as the lower lemmas
|[[Saccharum coarctatum|Saccharum coarctatum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Saccharum
|author=Robert D. Webster;
|authority=L.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=N.C.;Va.;Del.;D.C;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Md.;Fla.;Puerto Rico;N.J.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;Tenn.;S.C.;Pa.;Virgin Islands;N.Y.;Colo.;Ala.;Ga.;Okla.;Calif.;Ark.;Ill.;Ind.;Ariz.;Mo.;Ohio;Utah;Mich.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky.
|reference=webster1995a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/200273ad09963decb8fc72550212de541d86569d/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V25/V25_1500.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae
|genus=Saccharum
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae]]