View source for Rosa carolina

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Rosa carolina
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 492. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Carolina or pasture rose;rosier de Caroline
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae;Rosaceae tribe Roseae;Rosa;Rosa subg. Rosa;Rosa sect. Rosa;Rosa carolina
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Roseae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Rosa]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Rosa subg. Rosa]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Rosa sect. Rosa]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Rosa carolina]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 95, 96, 104
|treatment_page=page 101
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or subshrubs, forming scattered populations. <b>Stems</b> spreading and weak, sometimes erect, slender, 3–10(–13) dm, openly branched; bark dull reddish brown, glabrous; infrastipular prickles usually paired, erect, sometimes declined, rarely curved, flat, subulate, (2–)3–9 × 1.5–3 mm, base glabrous, internodal prickles sparsely or densely mixed with aciculi, stipitate glands and smaller internodal prickles. <b>Leaves</b> 5–10(–16) cm; stipules 10–18(–23) × 2–3 mm, auricles flared, 2–4 mm, margins entire or subserrate, eglandular or finely stipitate-glandular, surfaces glabrous, rarely puberulent, eglandular; petiole and rachis sometimes with pricklets 3 mm, aciculi few, glabrous, rarely pubescent, rarely stipitate-glandular; leaflets (3–)5–7(–9), terminal: petiolule 4–11 mm, blade ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 18–50 × 9–28 mm, membranous, base cuneate, margins 1–2+-serrate, teeth 8–14(–18) per side, eglandular or gland-tipped, apex acute to acuminate, rarely obtuse, abaxial surfaces pale green, glabrous, rarely pubescent, eglandular or glandular, adaxial usually green, dull, rarely slightly lustrous, glabrous. <b>Inflorescences</b> corymbs, 1–3(–6)-flowered. <b>Pedicels</b> erect, slender, 5–19 mm, glabrous, sparsely to ± densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes eglandular; bracts 2, lanceolate, 10–17 × 2–4 mm, margins entire, usually eglandular, surfaces with sparse hairs, stipitate-glandular. <b>Flowers</b> 3–5.5 cm diam.; hypanthium globose or ovoid, 4–6(–8) × 3.5–5(–8) mm, glabrous, ± densely to sparsely stipitate-glandular, sometimes eglandular, neck (0–)0.5–1 × 2 mm; sepals reflexed, sometimes spreading, lanceolate, 10–22 × 2–3 mm, tip 2–10 × 0.5–1 mm, margins pinnatifid or entire, abaxial surfaces rarely puberulent, stipitate-glandular, rarely eglandular; petals single, pink, 15–24 × 13–19 mm; stamens 105; carpels 32–46, styles exsert 1 mm beyond stylar orifice (1.5–2 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (4–5 mm diam.). <b>Hips</b> red or orange-red, globose or depressed-globose, rarely ellipsoid, 7–14 × 6–15 mm, fleshy, glabrous, densely to sparsely stipitate-glandular, sometimes eglandular, neck 0–0.5 × 5–6 mm; sepals early deciduous, spreading to reflexed. <b>Achenes</b> basal, 2–6(–10), tan, 4–5 × 2.5–3 mm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;D.C.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wis.;ne Mexico.
|discussion=<p>Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Rosa carolina</i> is a polymorphic allotetraploid derived from diploids found in eastern North America (S. Joly et al. 2006). Two nothospecies representing presumptive secondary hybridization and introgression are R. ×medioccidentis W. H. Lewis (<i>R. arkansana</i> × <i>R. carolina</i>) in Iowa, eastern Kansas, and western Missouri, and R. ×novae-angliae W. H. Lewis (<i>R. carolina</i> × <i>R. virginiana</i>) of New England, infrequently south to the District of Columbia, nearby Virginia, and New Jersey (W. H. Lewis 2008).</p><!--
--><p>The Menominee of Wisconsin once ate hips of <i>Rosa carolina</i> to treat gastrointestinal problems (H. I. Smith 1923).</p><!--
--><p>Subspecies mexicoensis W. H. Lewis is found in the Sierra Madre Oriental of northeastern Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=lewis2008a
|text=Lewis, W. H. 2008. Rosa carolina (Rosaceae) subspecies and hybrids in eastern and midwestern United States, Canada, and Mexico. Novon 18: 192–198.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems spreading, sometimes erect; prickles (rarely absent) infrastipular, infrequently mixed with sparse, shorter internodal prickles and aciculi not to apices, eglandular; most common in e United States.
|[[Rosa carolina subsp. carolina|Rosa carolina subsp. carolina]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems erect; prickles infrastipular, mixed with dense, shorter internodal, aciculi, and sparse stipitate glands to apices; epicenter in the Ozark Plateau and surrounding states.
|[[Rosa carolina subsp. subserrulata|Rosa carolina subsp. subserrulata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Rosa carolina
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Rosaceae
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;D.C.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wis.;ne Mexico.
|reference=lewis2008a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V9/V9_147.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Roseae
|genus=Rosa
|subgenus=Rosa subg. Rosa
|section=Rosa sect. Rosa
|species=Rosa carolina
}}<!--

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[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Rosa sect. Rosa]]
[[Category:Revised Since Print]]