View source for Picea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Picea
|accepted_authority=A. Dietrich
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. Berlin
|place=2: 794. 1824
|year=1824
}}
|common_names=Spruce;épinette
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Pinaceae;Picea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Pinaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Picea]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin picis, pitch, name of a pitchy pine
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees </b>evergreen; crown broadly conic to spirelike; leading shoot erect. <b>Bark</b> gray to reddish brown, thin and scaly (with thin plates), sometimes with resin blisters (especially in <i>Picea engelmannii</i> and <i>P. glauca</i>), becoming relatively thick and furrowed with age. <b>Branches</b> whorled; short (spur) shoots absent; twigs roughened by persistent leaf bases. <b>Buds</b> ovoid, apex rounded to acute, sometimes resinous. <b>Leaves</b> borne singly, spreading in all directions from twigs, persisting to 10 years, mostly 4-angled and square in cross section (to triangular or ± flattened), mostly rigid, sessile on peglike base; base decurrent, persistent after leaves shed, sheath absent; apex usually sharp-pointed, sometimes bluntly acute; resin canals 1–2. <b>Cones</b> borne on year-old twigs. <b>Pollen</b> cones grouped, axillary, oblong, yellow to purple. <b>Seed</b> cones maturing in 1 season, usually shed at maturity (persisting for several years in <i>Picea mariana</i>), borne mostly on upper branches, pendent, ovoid to cylindric, sessile or terminal on leafy branchlets and thus appearing ± stalked; scales persistent, elliptic to fan-shaped, thin, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts included. <b>Seeds</b> winged; cotyledons 5–15. <b>x</b> =12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North temperate regions;North America;Mexico;Eurasia.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 35 (8 in the flora with 7 native and 1 naturalized).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=roche1969a
|text=Roche, L. 1969. A genecological study of the genus Picea and seedlings grown in a nursery. New Phytol. 68: 505--554.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=taylor1980a
|text=Taylor, R.J. and T.F. Patterson. 1980. Biosystematics of Mexican spruce species and populations. Taxon 29: 421--469.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=wright1955a
|text=Wright, J.W. 1955. Species crossability in spruce in relation to distribution and taxonomy. Forest Sci. 1: 319--349.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves flattened or broadly triangular in cross section; stomates occurring only on, or more conspicuously on, adaxial leaf surface; Alaska to California.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves square in cross section; stomates occurring more or less equally on all leaf surfaces; widespread.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf apex sharp-pointed; twigs glabrous; seed-cone scales elliptic to narrowly diamond-shaped.
|[[Picea sitchensis|Picea sitchensis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf apex blunt, especially on older leaves; twigs finely pubescent; seed-cone scales fan-shaped.
|[[Picea breweriana|Picea breweriana]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Twigs pubescent; cone scales usually fan-shaped, broadest near apex; seed cones 2.3-4.5(-5) cm; mostly eastern or boreal.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Twigs mostly glabrous; cone scales usually ± diamond-shaped or elliptic, broadest near middle (broadest at apex in Picea glauca); seed cones (2.5-)3-16 cm; mostly western or boreal.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Seed cones 1.5-2.5(-3.5) cm; leaves 0.6-1.5(-2) cm, mostly blunt-tipped, glaucous, blue- to gray-green.
|[[Picea mariana|Picea mariana]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Seed cones 2.3-4.5(-5) cm; leaves 0.8-2.5(-3) cm, mostly acute, sharp-pointed, not glaucous, yellow-green to dark green.
|[[Picea rubens|Picea rubens]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Seed cones (10-)12-16 cm; leaves 1-2.5 cm, blunt-tipped; introduced and locally naturalized species.
|[[Picea abies|Picea abies]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Seed cones 2.5-11(-12) cm; leaves (0.8-)1.2-3(-3.5) cm, mostly sharp-pointed; native species.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Seed-cone scales fan-shaped, margin at apex q entire, apex extending 0.5-3 mm beyond seed-wing impression; leaves (0.8-)1.5-2(-2.5) cm.
|[[Picea glauca|Picea glauca]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Seed-cone scales diamond-shaped or elliptic, margin at apex irregularly toothed to erose, apex usually extending 3 mm or more beyond seed-wing impression; leaves 1.2-3(-3.5) cm.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Seed cones 3-7(-8) cm; cone scales extending 3-8 mm beyond seed-wing impression; twigs finely pubescent.
|[[Picea engelmannii|Picea engelmannii]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Seed cones (5-)6-11(-12) cm; cone scales extending 8-10 mm beyond seed-wing impression; twigs usually glabrous.
|[[Picea pungens|Picea pungens]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Picea
|author=Ronald J. Taylor
|authority=A. Dietrich
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Pinaceae
|distribution=North temperate regions;North America;Mexico;Eurasia.
|reference=roche1969a;taylor1980a;wright1955a
|publication title=Fl. Berlin
|publication year=1824
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V2/V2_472.xml
|genus=Picea
}}<!--

-->

[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Pinaceae]]
[[Category:Revised Since Print]]