View source for Oryza ← Oryza You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Oryza |accepted_authority=L. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Ehrhartoideae;Poaceae tribe Oryzeae;Oryza |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Ehrhartoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Oryzeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Oryza]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 37 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial; usually aquatic, rooted and emergent or floating, sometimes terrestrial; rhizomatous and/or cespitose; synoecious. <b>Culms</b> to 3.3(5) m, erect, decumbent, or prostrate, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, aerenchymatous, emergent or immersed, branched or unbranched. <b>Leaves</b> cauline and basal; sheaths open, lower sheaths often slightly inflated, upper sheaths not inflated; auricles usually present; ligules membranous, often veined; pseudopetioles absent; blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, flat, margins smooth or scabridulous. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal panicles; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the sterile florets in wild taxa, spikelets of cultivated taxa not disarticulating. <b>Spikelets</b> bisexual, laterally compressed, with 3 florets, lower 2 florets sterile, terminal floret functional. <b>Glumes</b> absent or reduced to lobes at the pedicel apices; sterile florets glumelike, 1.2-10 mm, 1/8 - 1/2 (9/10) as long as the spikelets, linear or subulate to narrowly ovate, coriaceous, 1-veined, acute to acuminate; functional florets: calluses usually inconspicuous and flat to rounded, sometimes conspicuous and stipelike, glabrous; lemmas coriaceous or indurate, with vertical rows of tubercles separated by longitudinal furrows, 5-veined, keeled, margins clasping the margins of the paleas, apices obtuse or acute to acuminate, awned or unawned; paleas with surfaces similar to the lemmas, 3-veined, unawned; lodicules 2; anthers 6; styles 2, bases fused or not, stigmas laterally exserted, plumose. <b>Caryopses</b> laterally compressed; embryos usually ¼ - 1/3 as long as the caryopses; hila linear, x = 12.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Va.;Puerto Rico;Virgin Islands;Okla.;Miss.;Tex.;La.;Calif.;N.C.;Ala.;Tenn.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;S.C.;Fla.;Mo. |discussion=<p><i>Oryza</i> is a tropical and subtropical genus of about 20 species that grow in shallow water, swamps, and marshes in seasonally inundated areas, or along streams, rivers, or lake edges. <i>Oryza sativa</i> (rice) is one of the three most economically valuable cereals, and constitutes a major portion of the diet for half of the world's population. In the Flora region, <i>O. sativa</i> is cultivated and several weedy forms have become established. These are thought to be derived from introgression between <i>O. sativa</i> and <i>O. rufipogon</i> and <i>O. punctata</i>. The latter two species and <i>O. longistaminata</i> are included here because of the threat they pose to cultivated rice.</p><!-- --><p>Spikelets of <i>Oryza</i> have sometimes been interpreted as comprising one functional and two sterile florets with two highly reduced glumes (Duistermat 1987), sometimes as comprising a single floret, subtended by two glumes borne on a bilobed pedicel (Terrell et al. 2001). Molecular developmental studies (Komatsu et al. 2003) show that the former interpretation is correct.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=duistermaat1987a |text=Duistermaat, H. 1987. A revision of Oryza (Gramineae) in Malesia and Australia. Blumea 32:157-193 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=komatsu2003a |text=Komatsu, M., A. Chujo, Y. Nagato, K. Shimamoto, and J. Kyozuka. 2003. FRIZZY PANICLE is required to prevent the formation of axillary meristems and to establish floral meristem identity in rice spikelets. Development 130:3841-3850 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=launert1971a |text=Launert, E. 1971. Oryza L. Pp. 31-36 in A. Fernande, E. Launert, and H. Wild (eds.). Flora Zambesiaca, vol. 101. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London, England. 152 pp. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=londo2006a |text=Londo, J.P., Y.-C. Chiang, K.-H. Hung, T.-Y. Chiang, and B.A. Schaal. 2006. Phylogeography of Asian wild rice, Oryza rufipogon, reveals multiple independent domestications of cultivated rice, Oryza sativa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. [PNAS] 103(25):9578-9583 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=lu2000a |text=Lu, B.-R., E.B. Naredo, A.B. Juliano, and M.T. Jackson. 2000. Preliminary studies on taxonomy and biosystematics of the AA genome Oryza species (Poaceae). Pp. 51-58 in S.W.L. Jacobs and J. Everett (eds.). Grasses: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. 406 pp. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=terrell2001a |text=Terrell, E.E., P.M. Peterson and W.P. Wergin. 2001. Epidermal features and spikelet micromorphology in Oryza and related genera (Poaceae: Oryzeae). Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 91. 50 pp. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=vaughan1989a |text=Vaughan, D.A. 1989. The Genus Oryza L.-Current Status of Taxonomy. International Rice Research Institute Research Paper Series 138. International Rice Research Institute, Los Bafios, Laguna, Philippines. 21 pp. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Ligules truncate to rounded, 1.5-10 mm long; sterile florets 1.2-2 mm long; disarticulation scar centric or slightly eccentric |[[Oryza punctata|Oryza punctata]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Ligules acute, 4-45 mm long; sterile florets 1.3-10 mm long; disarticulation scar lateral. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Anthers 1-2.5 mm long; spikelets persistent; lemmas usually unawned, plants not rhizomatous; auricles absent or to 5 mm long; blades 5-20 mm wide |[[Oryza sativa|Oryza sativa]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Anthers 3.5-7.4 mm long; spikelets deciduous; lemmas awned; plants usually rhizomatous; auricles absent or to 15 mm long; blades 7-50 mm wide. |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Caryopses 5-7 mm long; lemma-awn junctions purplish, pubescent; lemma awns 4-16 cm long; plants cespitose or rhizomatous; auricles absent or to 7 mm long |[[Oryza rufipogon|Oryza rufipogon]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Caryopses 7.5-8.5 mm long; lemma-awn junctions similar in color to the lemmas, glabrous; lemma awns 2.6-8 cm long; plants strongly rhizomatous; auricles present, to 15 mm long |[[Oryza longistaminata|Oryza longistaminata]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Oryza |author=Mary E. Barkworth;Edward E. Terrell; |authority=L. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Va.;Puerto Rico;Virgin Islands;Okla.;Miss.;Tex.;La.;Calif.;N.C.;Ala.;Tenn.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;S.C.;Fla.;Mo. |reference=duistermaat1987a;komatsu2003a;launert1971a;londo2006a;lu2000a;terrell2001a;vaughan1989a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/200273ad09963decb8fc72550212de541d86569d/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V24/V24_35.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Ehrhartoideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Oryzeae |genus=Oryza }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Oryzeae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Oryza.