View source for Marsilea quadrifolia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Marsilea quadrifolia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1099. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Marsileaceae;Marsilea;Marsilea quadrifolia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Marsileaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Marsilea]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Marsilea quadrifolia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 332
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>forming diffuse clones. <b>Roots</b> arising at nodes and 1–3 on internodes. <b>Petioles</b> 5.4–16.5 cm, sparsely pubescent to glabrous. <b>Pinnae</b> 7–21 × 6–19 mm, sparsely pubescent to glabrous. <b>Sporocarp</b> stalks ascending, frequently branched, attached 1–12 mm above base of petiole; unbranched stalks or ultimate branches of stalks 3–16 mm; common trunk of branched stalks 1–4 mm (rarely 2–3 unbranched stalks attached separately to same petiole). <b>Sporocarps</b> perpendicular to ascending, 4–5.6 × 3–4 mm, 2.3–2.8 mm thick, rounded, oval, or elliptic in lateral view, pubescent but soon glabrate; raphe 1.4–1.9 mm, proximal tooth usually absent, distal tooth absent or 0.1–0.2 mm. <b>Sori</b> 10–17.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Sporocarps produced summer–fall (Jun–Oct).
|habitat=On mud and in shallow water.
|distribution=Ont.;Conn.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Mo.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;se Europe;Asia.
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p><i>Marsilea quadrifolia</i> was introduced in Connecticut about 1860. Many of the localities from which it is known at present are artificial bodies of water. This may indicate intentional introduction of the plant as a curiosity.</p><!--
--><p>Because its leaves are glabrous to essentially glabrous, <i>Marsilea quadrifolia</i> is unlikely to be confused with any other <i>Marsilea</i> in the flora. Likewise, the petioles of the land leaves in this species tend to be procumbent rather than stiffly erect as in the others. The branched sporocarp stalks found in <i>M. quadrifolia</i> are found elsewhere only in <i>M. macropoda</i>; the latter, however, is a hairy plant and has no distal tooth on the very large sporocarp.</p><!--
--><p><i>Marsilea</i> minuta Linnaeus, a widespread species in the paleotropics, has recently been collected from the Florida Panhandle. It resembles <i>M. quadrifolia</i> in having roots both at the nodes and on the internodes and in having relatively glabrous land leaves, but it has sporocarps that are only 1.3–1.7 mm thick, with a distal tooth 0.3–0.6 mm long. <i>Marsilea</i> minuta also has a tendency for the terminal margins of the land leaves to be crenate rather than entire.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Marsilea quadrifolia
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Marsileaceae
|phenology=Sporocarps produced summer–fall (Jun–Oct).
|habitat=On mud and in shallow water.
|distribution=Ont.;Conn.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Mo.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;se Europe;Asia.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Introduced;Illustrated
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V2/V2_165.xml
|genus=Marsilea
|species=Marsilea quadrifolia
}}<!--

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