View source for Ipomoea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Ipomoea
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 159. 1753
|year=1753
|other_info_on_pub=name conserved
}}
|common_names=Morning glory
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Calonyction
|authority=Choisy
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Exogonium
|authority=Choisy
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Pharbitis
|authority=Choisy
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Convolvulaceae;Ipomoea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Convolvulaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Ipomoea]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek ipos or ips, to entwine, and homoios, similar, alluding to twining habit
|volume=Volume 14
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, shrubs, or lianas [trees]. <b>Stems</b> usually decumbent, erect, trailing, or twining, sometimes ascending or repent, rarely floating; glabrous or hairy. <b>Leaves</b> petiolate; blade usually cordate, lanceolate, linear, ovate, reniform, sagittate, or ± palmately lobed, rarely cuneate-obovate, deltate, elliptic, orbiculate, pandurate, palmatisect, pentagonal, pinnatisect, sagittate, or triangular, (10–)30–120(–250+) mm, surfaces glabrous or hairy. <b>Inflorescences</b>: flowers usually in 2–3(–25+)-flowered cymes or flowers solitary, rarely in panicles; bracts leaflike to scalelike. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals elliptic, lanceolate, oblong, ovate, or suborbiculate, (3–)8–15(–30) mm; corolla usually blue, lavender, pink, purple, red, violet, or white, sometimes orange, red and yellow, or red-orange, usually funnelform, sometimes campanulate or salverform, (6–)20–80(–150+) mm, limb entire, 5-angled, or 5-lobed; anthers straight after dehiscence, pollen pantoporate and echinate; styles 1; stigmas entire or 2(–3)-lobed, capitate or globose. <b>Fruits</b> capsular, globose to ovoid, dehiscence irregular or valvate. <b>Seeds</b> 1–4(–6), usually ellipsoid, globose, or ovoid, sometimes trigonous, glabrous or hairy. <b>x</b> = 15.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Indian Ocean Islands;Pacific Islands;Australia.
|discussion=<p>Species 600+ (47, including 1 hybrid, in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Reports by J. T. Kartesz and C. A. Meacham (1999) of Ipomoea cordifolia Carey ex Voight from Alabama and I. meyeri (Sprengel) G. Don from Georgia have not been verified. Ipomoea horsfalliae Hooker is cultivated in Florida; it is not known to be established or recurrent in the flora area.</p><!--
--><p>In protologue, Ipomoea gilana K. Keith & J. A. McDonald was reported to be similar to I. lindheimeri and to nest phylogenetically near I. orizabensis (G. Pelletan) Ledebour ex Steudel, which, in the broad sense, is known from Chihuahua, Mexico, and southward. Ipomoea gilana is known from the Black Range in southwestern New Mexico and will key here to I. indica.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Corollas ± salverform, (funnelform-salverform in I. thurberi; limb sometimes ± campanulate in I. muricata and I. setosa).
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers diurnal (open all day); corollas usually orange, red, red and yellow, or red-orange, sometimes white (cultivars of I. coccinea and I. quamoclit), 14–50 mm.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Perennials; corollas red.
|[[Ipomoea microdactyla|Ipomoea microdactyla]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Annuals; corollas usually red, red and yellow, or red-orange, sometimes white (cultivars of I. coccinea and I. quamoclit).
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades palmati-pinnate or pinnatisect.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blades palmati-pinnate, lobes 7–11+.
|[[Ipomoea sloteri|Ipomoea sloteri]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blades pinnatisect, lobes 19–41+.
|[[Ipomoea quamoclit|Ipomoea quamoclit]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades not palmati-pinnate or pinnatisect.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Sepals ± equal, 4–4.5 mm.
|[[Ipomoea hederifolia|Ipomoea hederifolia]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Sepals unequal, outers 3–3.5 mm, inners 4–5.7 mm.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades usually cordate, sometimes ovate, sagittate, or triangular.
|[[Ipomoea coccinea|Ipomoea coccinea]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades usually (3–)5–7-lobed, middle lobe narrowly ± rhombic, sometimes proximal blades cordate to ovate, not lobed.
|[[Ipomoea cristulata|Ipomoea cristulata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers nocturnal (open dusk to early morning); corollas usually lavender, pink, or white, tubes sometimes purple to red, limbs or throats sometimes purple, red, or with green or yellowish bands or lines, 30–150 mm.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades usually palmatisect, sometimes sagittate.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Sepals 5–12 mm; corolla limbs 30–36 mm diam.
|[[Ipomoea tenuiloba|Ipomoea tenuiloba]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Sepals 12–15 mm; corolla limbs 50–65 mm diam.
|[[Ipomoea thurberi|Ipomoea thurberi]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades cordate, orbiculate, ovate, triangular, triangular-ovate, or 3–5(–7)-lobed.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaf blade surfaces: abaxial tomentulose, adaxial glabrous; corollas white, throat lavender to purple inside.
|[[Ipomoea macrorhiza|Ipomoea macrorhiza]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaf blade surfaces glabrous or hairy, not tomentulose; corollas usually lavender, pink, or white, sometimes with green or yellowish bands or lines.
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Sepal apices acute, outers each with ± corniform appendage.
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Corollas white, throat green-banded inside; fruits 20–30 mm.
|[[Ipomoea alba|Ipomoea alba]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Corollas white, turning lavender; fruits 18–20 mm.
|[[Ipomoea muricata|Ipomoea muricata]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Sepal apices emarginate, obtuse, or truncate, none with corniform appendages.
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Stems ± setose; corollas lavender or pink.
|[[Ipomoea setosa|Ipomoea setosa]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Stems not setose; corollas white, limb with yellowish lines.
|[[Ipomoea violacea|Ipomoea violacea]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Corollas funnelform.
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Peduncles usually hairy and hairs usually ± antrorse, retrorse, or spreading, rarely appressed, rarely glabrous or glabrate (I. barbatisepala and I. indica); sepals herbaceous.
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Perennials.
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Leaf blade surfaces glabrous or ± pilose; sepals glabrous or abaxial surface sparsely hairy, hairs appressed.
|[[Ipomoea indica|Ipomoea indica]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Leaf blade surfaces ± hirsute or sericeous; sepal surfaces: abaxial ± hispid or sericeous.
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Leaf blades broadly ovate to reniform, usually 3–5(–7)-lobed; sepals 18–30 mm.
|[[Ipomoea lindheimeri|Ipomoea lindheimeri]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Leaf blades cordate, ovate, or 3–5-lobed; sepals 9–21 mm.
|[[Ipomoea pubescens|Ipomoea pubescens]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Annuals.
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Leaf blades (3–)5–7-lobed, palmatisect (incised nearly to petiole tip).
|[[Ipomoea barbatisepala|Ipomoea barbatisepala]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Leaf blades cordate, orbiculate, ovate, or 3(–5)-lobed, not palmatisect.
|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Sepals elliptic, lance-oblong, or oblong, 8–15 mm, narrowed distal portion shorter to slightly longer than dilated base.
|[[Ipomoea purpurea|Ipomoea purpurea]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Sepals ± lanceolate or lance-linear, 12–30 mm, narrowed distal portion notably longer than dilated base.
|[[#key-0-20| > 20]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Sepals ± lanceolate, 12–24 mm, proximally ovate, abruptly narrowed to ± curved or spreading distal portion; corollas 20–37(–45) mm.
|[[Ipomoea hederacea|Ipomoea hederacea]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Sepals lance-linear, 15–25(–30) mm, proximally narrowly ovate, gradually narrowed to ± straight distal portion; corollas (20–)30–60+ mm.
|[[Ipomoea nil|Ipomoea nil]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Peduncles usually glabrous or hairy and hairs appressed, sometimes puberulent (I. carnea), sparsely hispidulous (I. costellata), pilosulous on proximal 1–2 mm and otherwise glabrous (I. dumetorum), or setose; sepals usually chartaceous or coriaceous, sometimes herbaceous or membranous.
|[[#key-0-21| > 21]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Stems usually repent, (rooting at nodes), rarely twining.
|[[#key-0-22| > 22]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Leaf blades hastate, lanceolate, linear, oblong, ovate, or ± 3–5-lobed; corollas usually purple or white, throat sometimes purplish or yellow inside.
|[[#key-0-23| > 23]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Sepals elliptic-ovate to oblong-ovate, 6–8 mm, ± equal; corollas usually purple, rarely white.
|[[Ipomoea aquatica|Ipomoea aquatica]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Sepals lance-oblong, 10–15 mm, unequal; corollas white, throat usually yellow, sometimes purplish, inside.
|[[Ipomoea imperati|Ipomoea imperati]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Leaf blades cordate, ± orbiculate, ovate, reniform, or rounded-cordate; corollas usually lavender, pink, or red, rarely white, throat sometimes darker inside.
|[[#key-0-24| > 24]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Leaf blade apices acute to rounded; corollas usually red, rarely white, 50–80 mm.
|[[Ipomoea asarifolia|Ipomoea asarifolia]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Leaf blade apices ± emarginate; corollas lavender or pink, 35–40(–70) mm.
|[[Ipomoea pes-caprae|Ipomoea pes-caprae]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Stems not repent.
|[[#key-0-25| > 25]]
|-id=key-0-25
|25
|Stems usually erect, sometimes ± trailing (I. leptophylla).
|[[#key-0-26| > 26]]
|-id=key-0-26
|26
|Shrubs; leaf blades 40–170 mm wide, bases cordate or ± truncate.
|[[Ipomoea carnea|Ipomoea carnea]]
|-id=key-0-26
|26
|Perennials; leaf blades 2–8(–10) mm wide, bases ± cuneate.
|[[Ipomoea leptophylla|Ipomoea leptophylla]]
|-id=key-0-25
|25
|Stems usually trailing, twining, or twining only near tips, rarely ascending, decumbent, or erect.
|[[#key-0-27| > 27]]
|-id=key-0-27
|27
|Leaf blades cuneate-obovate and distally ± incised, 3–5(–7+)-toothed.
|[[Ipomoea plummerae|Ipomoea plummerae]]
|-id=key-0-27
|27
|Leaf blades not cuneate-obovate and distally incised.
|[[#key-0-28| > 28]]
|-id=key-0-28
|28
|Leaf blades palmatisect (incised ± to petiole tip), lobes (3–)5–9+, usually filiform, lance-linear, lanceolate, linear, or narrowly oblanceolate to spatulate, sometimes elliptic, lance-elliptic, or lance-ovate.
|[[#key-0-29| > 29]]
|-id=key-0-29
|29
|Annuals.
|[[#key-0-30| > 30]]
|-id=key-0-30
|30
|Corollas 10–12 mm.
|[[Ipomoea costellata|Ipomoea costellata]]
|-id=key-0-30
|30
|Corollas 18–30(–40) mm.
|[[#key-0-31| > 31]]
|-id=key-0-31
|31
|Leaf blade lobes 5–7(–9), usually filiform to linear, sometimes lance-linear, 0.2–2(–5) mm wide.
|[[Ipomoea ternifolia|Ipomoea ternifolia]]
|-id=key-0-31
|31
|Leaf blade lobes 5, lance-linear to lanceolate, (5–)10–15(–20) mm wide.
|[[Ipomoea wrightii|Ipomoea wrightii]]
|-id=key-0-29
|29
|Perennials.
|[[#key-0-32| > 32]]
|-id=key-0-32
|32
|Leaf blade lobes 5 (proximal 2 lobes sometimes 2-lobed), lance-elliptic, lanceolate, or lance-ovate, (3–)8–15(–30) mm wide.
|[[Ipomoea cairica|Ipomoea cairica]]
|-id=key-0-32
|32
|Leaf blade lobes (3–)5–9, filiform, lanceolate, linear, or spatulate, 0.2–2.5(–6.5) mm wide.
|[[#key-0-33| > 33]]
|-id=key-0-33
|33
|Corollas white (limb sometimes purple or pale rose), 35–65 mm.
|[[Ipomoea tenuiloba|Ipomoea tenuiloba]]
|-id=key-0-33
|33
|Corollas lavender, purple, or red-purple, 25–40 mm.
|[[#key-0-34| > 34]]
|-id=key-0-34
|34
|Stems usually ± trailing, sometimes ascending, erect, or twining near tips; leaf blade lobes 3–30(–50) × (0.5–)1–2.5 mm.
|[[Ipomoea plummerae|Ipomoea plummerae]]
|-id=key-0-34
|34
|Stems usually ascending to erect, sometimes trailing; leaf blade lobes (3–)5–15(–25) × 0.2–1 mm.
|[[Ipomoea capillacea|Ipomoea capillacea]]
|-id=key-0-28
|28
|Leaf blades not palmatisect, sometimes palmately lobed.
|[[#key-0-35| > 35]]
|-id=key-0-35
|35
|Corollas usually blue (drying pink or purple), sometimes white, sometimes throat white outside and yellow inside.
|[[#key-0-36| > 36]]
|-id=key-0-36
|36
|Corollas 26–27 mm, limb 30–35 mm diam.
|[[Ipomoea cardiophylla|Ipomoea cardiophylla]]
|-id=key-0-36
|36
|Corollas 35–60 mm, limb 50–90 mm diam.
|[[Ipomoea tricolor|Ipomoea tricolor]]
|-id=key-0-35
|35
|Corollas lavender, lavender-pink, lilac, pink, pink-purple, purple, purplish, red-purple, or ± white, throat sometimes darker inside.
|[[#key-0-37| > 37]]
|-id=key-0-37
|37
|Sepals dotted with dark spots on abaxial surface.
|[[Ipomoea dumetorum|Ipomoea dumetorum]]
|-id=key-0-37
|37
|Sepals not dotted with dark spots.
|[[#key-0-38| > 38]]
|-id=key-0-38
|38
|Leaf blades usually hastate or sagittate, ± triangular, sometimes ovate.
|[[#key-0-39| > 39]]
|-id=key-0-39
|39
|Leaf blade surfaces glabrous; sepals elliptic, oblong, or ovate, 8–9 mm; corollas 60–90 mm.
|[[Ipomoea sagittata|Ipomoea sagittata]]
|-id=key-0-39
|39
|Leaf blade surfaces ± hairy, adaxial sometimes glabrate; sepals lance-oblong, lanceolate, or lance-ovate, 5–8 mm; corollas 30–45 mm.
|[[Ipomoea tenuissima|Ipomoea tenuissima]]
|-id=key-0-38
|38
|Leaf blades usually cordate, cordate-ovate, deltate-ovate, lance-oblong, lanceolate, lance-ovate, linear, oblong-ovate, orbiculate, ovate, pandurate, or reniform, sometimes 3–5(–7)-lobed.
|[[#key-0-40| > 40]]
|-id=key-0-40
|40
|Annuals; corollas 6–20(–25) mm.
|[[#key-0-41| > 41]]
|-id=key-0-41
|41
|Sepals 6–7 mm, apices acute or obtuse.
|[[Ipomoea triloba|Ipomoea triloba]]
|-id=key-0-41
|41
|Sepals (8–)11–14 mm, apices acuminate.
|[[#key-0-42| > 42]]
|-id=key-0-42
|42
|Corollas white, 15–20(–25) mm; fruits 10–13 mm diam.
|[[Ipomoea lacunosa|Ipomoea lacunosa]]
|-id=key-0-42
|42
|Corollas lavender or white, 6–15(–20) mm; fruits 7–8 mm diam.
|[[Ipomoea × leucantha|Ipomoea × leucantha]]
|-id=key-0-40
|40
|Perennials; corollas 18–100 mm.
|[[#key-0-43| > 43]]
|-id=key-0-43
|43
|Sepals 4–5.5 mm.
|[[Ipomoea amnicola|Ipomoea amnicola]]
|-id=key-0-43
|43
|Sepals 8–22 mm.
|[[#key-0-44| > 44]]
|-id=key-0-44
|44
|Corollas 20–38 mm.
|[[Ipomoea cordatotriloba|Ipomoea cordatotriloba]]
|-id=key-0-44
|44
|Corollas (30–)40–100 mm.
|[[#key-0-45| > 45]]
|-id=key-0-45
|45
|Corollas usually lavender, lavender-pink, pink, or purple, sometimes white, throat usually darker inside.
|[[#key-0-46| > 46]]
|-id=key-0-46
|46
|Leaf blade bases cordate; corollas (30–)40–70 mm; seeds glabrous.
|[[Ipomoea batatas|Ipomoea batatas]]
|-id=key-0-46
|46
|Leaf blade bases cordate-hastate; corollas 70–90 mm; seeds hairy.
|[[Ipomoea rupicola|Ipomoea rupicola]]
|-id=key-0-45
|45
|Corollas pink or ± white, throat lavender, purple, purple-red, or red inside.
|[[#key-0-47| > 47]]
|-id=key-0-47
|47
|Leaf blades cordate, cordate-ovate, or pandurate.
|[[Ipomoea pandurata|Ipomoea pandurata]]
|-id=key-0-47
|47
|Leaf blades deltate-ovate, lance-oblong, lanceolate, lance-ovate, or linear.
|[[#key-0-48| > 48]]
|-id=key-0-48
|48
|Leaf blades lance-oblong, lanceolate, or linear, 100–120(–210) mm; Arizona.
|[[Ipomoea longifolia|Ipomoea longifolia]]
|-id=key-0-48
|48
|Leaf blades deltate-ovate or narrowly lance-ovate, 30–80 mm; Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas.
|[[Ipomoea shumardiana|Ipomoea shumardiana]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Ipomoea
|author=Daniel F. Austin†
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Calonyction;Exogonium;Pharbitis
|basionyms=
|family=Convolvulaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Indian Ocean Islands;Pacific Islands;Australia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=
|genus=Ipomoea
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Convolvulaceae]]