View source for Hypnaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Hypnaceae
|accepted_authority=Schimper
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Hypnaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Hypnaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 282, 338, 484, 516, 522, 524, 554, 574, 578, 581, 611
|treatment_page=page 515
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>small to large, lax to dense, in tufts or mats, dark green, yellow-green, golden green, or orange, sometimes reddish brown or nearly black, often lustrous. <b>Stems</b> creeping, suberect, or erect, occasionally complanate-foliate or julaceous, irregularly branched to regularly 1- or 2-pinnate; hyalodermis 1-stratose or absent, central strand present or absent; pseudoparaphyllia filamentous, foliose, or absent; rhizoids often in clusters proximal to juncture of leaves on adaxial surface of stems and branches, smooth or papillose; axillary hair basal cells 1–2(–4), short, brown, distal cells 1–several, elongate, hyaline. <b>Stem</b> and branch leaves similar or less commonly differentiated, straight to homomallous, often falcate-secund, usually ovate-lanceolate, often asymmetric, sometimes linear, lanceolate, or triangular, occasionally plicate; base sometimes decurrent; margins often plane, occasionally recurved proximally or throughout, entire or toothed; apex obtuse to acuminate; costa double, short, to obscure or ecostate; alar cells usually differentiated, often quadrate to short-rectangular, sometimes enlarged and inflated, pigmented or similar in color to other cells, excavate or plane; medial and distal laminal cells linear, hexagonal, or elongate-sinuate, smooth, sometimes prorulose at distal ends on abaxial surface. <b>Specialized</b> asexual reproduction sometimes by leafy propagula or filamentous gemmae clustered in leaf axils. <b>Sexual</b> condition autoicous, dioicous, or phyllodioicous. <b>Seta</b> elongate, smooth (occasionally scabrous near capsule in <i>Ctenidium</i>). <b>Capsule</b> inclined, horizontal, or sometimes erect, cylindric or ovoid, usually smooth, often constricted below mouth when dry and empty; operculum conic or rostrate; peristome usually double; exostome teeth 16, external surface cross striate basally, papillose distally, sometimes bordered, internal surface often trabeculate; endostome usually free, sometimes fused to exostome, basal membrane high or rarely low, segments 16, cilia 1–3, nodose, rarely rudimentary or absent. <b>Calyptra</b> cucullate, smooth (weakly prorulose distally in <i>Ctenidium</i>), naked or rarely hairy. <b>Spores</b> spheric to ovoid, usually finely papillose, rarely smooth.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;most diverse in subtropics and tropics.
|discussion=<p>Genera 60, species ca. 600 (19 genera, 62 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Hypnaceae are taxonomically problematic; the family once held a high proportion of pleurocarpous species, but as genera are monographed, they are often placed in other families. The distinctive hypnoid peristome has been used as a significant feature, but this is not entirely reliable.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems with hyalodermis present, sometimes indistinct
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems with hyalodermis absent
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Laminal cells minutely granular papillose; plants large; leaves undulate.
|[[Buckiella|Buckiella]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Laminal cells smooth or rarely minutely prorulose; plants small to medium-sized; leaves not undulate
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Pseudoparaphyllia present, filamentous to foliose.
|[[Hypnum|Hypnum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Pseudoparaphyllia absent (present in Herzogiella adscendens)
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf margins serrulate to serrate (serrulate to entire in H. adscendens); asexual propagula absent.
|[[Herzogiella|Herzogiella]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf margins entire or minutely serrulate; asexual propagula sometimes present.
|[[Isopterygiopsis|Isopterygiopsis]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Laminal cells with abaxial surface prominently prorulose
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Laminal cells smooth or prorulose
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Laminal cells prorulose at distal and sometimes proximal ends; leaves straight.
|[[Chryso-hypnum|Chryso-hypnum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Laminal cells prorulose at distal ends; leaves falcate.
|[[Ctenidium|Ctenidium]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Basal row of laminal cells with 1 large prorula at proximal end on abaxial surface.
|[[Dacryophyllum|Dacryophyllum]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Basal row of laminal cells smooth
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf apices bluntly obtuse to broadly acute.
|[[Bryocrumia|Bryocrumia]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf apices acute to acuminate, rarely subobtuse
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Lateral and dorsal leaf shape strongly differentiated
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Lateral and dorsal leaf shape not strongly differentiated
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Laminal cell walls thick; medial cells linear.
|[[Gollania|Gollania]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Laminal cell walls thin; medial cells at least of lateral leaves relatively short.
|[[Vesicularia|Vesicularia]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Brood branchlets present at branch apices.
|[[Platygyrium|Platygyrium]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Brood branchlets absent at branch apices
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Pseudoparaphyllia filamentous, 1 (or 2)-seriate at base.
|[[Isopterygium|Isopterygium]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Pseudoparaphyllia foliose or absent
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Distal laminal cells ca. 4-6:1.
|[[Homomallium|Homomallium]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Distal laminal cells usually longer than 6:1
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, usually widest at base; alar cells not or poorly differentiated.
|[[Orthothecium|Orthothecium]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Leaves lanceolate to ovate, widest beyond base; alar cells mostly differentiated
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Plants large; stems suberect to ascending, pinnate, forming fronds; leaves strongly plicate.
|[[Ptilium|Ptilium]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Plants usually small or medium-sized, if large, not forming fronds; stems creeping, irregularly branched or sometimes regularly pinnate; leaves not to weakly plicate
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Asexual reproductive bodies present in leaf axils, occasionally stem apices.
|[[Pseudotaxiphyllum|Pseudotaxiphyllum]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Asexual reproductive bodies absent
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Branches usually strongly curled when dry; capsules erect to suberect, straight; exostome teeth smooth basally.
|[[Pylaisia|Pylaisia]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Branches not curled when dry; capsules erect to cernuous, often curved; exostome teeth usually cross striolate basally
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Stems somewhat complanate-foliate; leaf margins entire; capsules suberect or somewhat inclined, not or weakly curved.
|[[Callicladium|Callicladium]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Stems not complanate-foliate or if so, leaf margins serrulate to serrate; capsules inclined, usually curved
|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Stems pinnate or irregularly branched, rarely subjulaceous; leaves usually spreading.
|[[Hypnum|Hypnum]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Stems simple or sparingly and irregularly branched, sometimes julaceous or subjulaceous; leaves complanate.
|[[Taxiphyllum|Taxiphyllum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Hypnaceae
|author=Wilfred B. Schofield†;William R. Buck;Robert R. Ireland Jr.
|authority=Schimper
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Hypnaceae
|illustrator=Patricia M. Eckel
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;most diverse in subtropics and tropics.
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V28/V28_799.xml
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]]