View source for Harrisia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Harrisia
|accepted_authority=Britton
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|place=35: 561. 1908
|year=1908
}}
|common_names=Applecactus
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cereus subg. Eriocereus
|authority=A. Berger
|rank=subgenus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Eriocereus
|authority=(A.B erger) Riccobono
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Roseocereus
|authority=Backeberg
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Harrisia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Harrisia]]</div></div>
|etymology=for William H. Harris, 1860–1920, Superintendent of Public Gardens and Plantations of Jamaica
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 96, 97
|treatment_page=page 152
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> often treelike, erect or old plants with branches usually ascending, clambering, or prostrate, sparingly branched or unbranched. <b>Roots</b> diffuse (sometimes tuberlike). <b>Stems</b> unsegmented, green, long cylindric, 100–600 × 2.5–6 cm, glabrous; ribs 8–12, rounded, low, less than 1 cm deep, shallowly to indistinctly tuberculate; areoles ca. 2 cm apart along ribs, circular to oval, short woolly, sometimes subtended by small, subulate, deciduous leaves; areolar glands not apparent; cortex and pith mucilaginous. <b>Spines</b> 6–17 per areole, usually porrect to ascending, white to pinkish or yellow to light brown, aging gray, sometimes with tips darker or yellowish, acicular, straight, ± terete, 10–40 × 0.5–0.75[–1.5] mm, hard, smooth and glabrous; radial spines and central spines not clearly distinguishable. <b>Flowers</b> nocturnal, remaining open next day, lateral or terminal on stems at least 1 year old, funnelform, 12–20[–25] × 8–12 cm; outer tepals green to reddish or purplish, linear to lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 50–60 × 4.5–6 mm, margins entire; inner tepals white to pinkish, 60–75 × 12–20 mm, margins entire or denticulate; ovary usually conspicuously tuberculate, scaly, spineless or spines represented by soft and silky to stiff hairs [or spiny]; scales entire; stigma lobes 8–15, yellow-green to white, 6–9 mm. <b>Fruits</b> indehiscent or splitting irregularly from apex toward base, green to yellow, red, or orange-red, spheric to ovoid-spheric, [30–]40–75[–80] × [30–]40–75[–80] mm, usually spineless (or spines bristlelike) [or slender acicular]; scales deciduous [sometimes persistent]; pulp white; floral remnant usually persistent. <b>Seeds</b> black, broadly ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, 2–3 × 1.5 mm, warty. <b>x</b> = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Fla.;West Indies;South America.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 20 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>In lieu of a detailed study of <i>Harrisia</i>, this treatment respects earlier taxonomies based in large part on the fruit color and the colors of the hairs in the areoles of the flowers and fruits. Both characters may prove to be variable within taxa of <i>Harrisia</i> and therefore not be taxonomically useful.</p><!--
--><p><i>Harrisia</i> was traditionally classified with columnar cacti of North America and Central America, e.g., have kinship with <i>Acanthocereus</i>, <i>Selenicereus</i>, or <i>Hylocereus</i>, which also form long-tubed, nocturnal flowers. Recent DNA analyses have demonstrated that <i>Harrisia</i> belongs instead to a large South American clade of columnar cacti (R. S. Wallace and A. C. Gibson 2002), with which they share axillary tufts of silky hairs on the flower tube.</p><!--
--><p>The basis for E. F. Anderson’s (2001) inclusion of <i>Harrisia</i> eriophora in the flora, in addition to the species recognized here, is not apparent. He recognized H. donae-antoniae, an invalid name for a local Florida variant of <i>H. aboriginum</i>, in the synonymy of <i>H. gracilis</i> (Miller) Britton. He apparently did not intend, however, to include <i>H. gracilis</i> as native to Florida because he listed its geographic distribution as “Jamaica.”</p><!--
--><p>The fruits of several species of <i>Harrisia</i> are sweet and edible.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flower buds with brown hairs; scales of flower tube with axillary tufts of stiff, tawny brown hairs; fruits dull yellow at maturity
|[[Harrisia aboriginum|Harrisia aboriginum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flower buds with white hairs; scales of flower tube with axillary tufts of soft, white hairs; fruits dull red or orange-red at maturity
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flower tubes prominently ridged; scales turgid near base; fruits depressed-spheric
|[[Harrisia simpsonii|Harrisia simpsonii]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flower tube smooth, not or scarcely ridged; scales flat or nearly so; fruits obovoid
|[[Harrisia fragrans|Harrisia fragrans]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Harrisia
|author=Bruce D. Parfitt;Arthur C. Gibson
|authority=Britton
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=Cereus subg. Eriocereus;Eriocereus;Roseocereus
|basionyms=
|family=Cactaceae
|distribution=Fla.;West Indies;South America.
|reference=None
|publication title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|publication year=1908
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_294.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
|genus=Harrisia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]