View source for Fagopyrum ← Fagopyrum You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Fagopyrum |accepted_authority=Miller |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. |place=4, vol. 1. 1754 |year=1754 }} |common_names=Buckwheat;sarrasin |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae;Fagopyrum |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Fagopyrum]]</div></div> |etymology=Latin fagus, beech, and Greek pyrus, wheat, alluding to resemblance of the achene to a beech-nut |volume=Volume 5 |mention_page=page 216, 217, 218, 479, 480 |treatment_page=page 572 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual; taprooted. <b>Stems</b> erect or ascending, glabrous or puberulent. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous, cauline, alternate, petiolate (proximal leaves) or sessile (distal leaves); ocrea persistent or deciduous, chartaceous; petiole base articulated; blade cordate, triangular, hastate, or sagittate, margins entire to sinuate. <b>Pedicels</b> present. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary, or terminal and axillary, racemelike or paniclelike, pedunculate. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual or, rarely, bisexual and staminate on same plant, 2–6 per ocreate fascicle, heterostylous or homostylous, base stipelike; perianth nonaccrescent, white, pale pink, or green, broadly campanulate, glabrous; tepals 5, distinct, petaloid, dimorphic, outer smaller than inner; stamens 8; filaments distinct, free, glabrous; anthers white, pink, or red, oval to elliptic; styles 3, reflexed, distinct; stigmas capitate. <b>Achenes</b> strongly exserted, brown to dark brown or gray, sometimes mottled black, unwinged or essentially so, bluntly to sharply 3-gonous, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b>: embryo folded. <b>x</b> = 8.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Eurasia;e Africa;introduced elsewhere;cultivated in temperate regions worldwide. |introduced=true |discussion=<p>Species 16 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p><i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> and <i>F. tataricum</i> are cultivated widely. In North America, they often escape, but populations generally are ephemeral.</p><!-- --><p>Archaeological evidence for the cultivation of buckwheat dates to 4600 bp in China and 3500 bp in Japan (O. Ohnishi 1998). Molecular studies indicate that <i>Fagopyrum</i> comprises two major clades, with <i>F. esculentum</i> and <i>F. tataricum</i> in the large-fruited “cymosum” group (O. Ohnishi and Y. Matsuoka 1996; Y. Yasui and O. Ohnishi 1998, 1998b; O. Ohsako and O. Ohnishi 2000).</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=ohnishi1996a |text=Ohnishi, O. and Y. Matsuoka. 1996. Search for the wild ancestor of buckwheat II. Taxonomy of Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) species based on morphology, isozymes and cpDNA variability. Genes Genet. Systems 71: 383–390. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=ohnishi1998a |text=Ohnishi, O. 1998. Search for the wild ancestor of buckwheat III. The wild ancestor of cultivated common buckwheat, and of Tartary buckwheat. Econ. Bot. 52: 123–133. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=ohsako2000a |text=Ohsako, T. and O. Ohnishi. 2000. Intra- and interspecific phylogeny of wild Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) species based on nucleotide sequences of noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA. Amer. J. Bot. 87: 573–582. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=yasui1998a |text=Yasui, Y. and O. Ohnishi. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships among Fagopyrum species revealed by the nucleotide sequences of the ITS region of the nuclear rRNA gene. Genes Genet. Systems 73: 201–210. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=yasui1998b |text=Yasui, Y. and O. Ohnishi. 1998b. Interspecific relationships in Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) revealed by the nucleotide sequences of the rbcL and accD genes and their intergenic region. Amer. J. Bot. 85: 1134–1142. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Achene faces smooth, angles smooth; tepals (2.5-)3-5 mm; perianths, creamy white topale pink; inflorescences paniclelike, 1-4 cm, terminal and axillary |[[Fagopyrum esculentum|Fagopyrum esculentum]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Achene faces irregularly rugose, angles often sinuate-dentate; tepals 1.5-3 mm; perianths,green with whitish margins; inflorescences racemelike, 2-10 cm, axillary |[[Fagopyrum tataricum|Fagopyrum tataricum]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Fagopyrum |author=Harold R. Hinds†;Craig C. Freeman |authority=Miller |rank=genus |parent rank=subfamily |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Polygonaceae |illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey |illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association |distribution=Eurasia;e Africa;introduced elsewhere;cultivated in temperate regions worldwide. |introduced=true |reference=ohnishi1996a;ohnishi1998a;ohsako2000a;yasui1998a;yasui1998b |publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. |publication year=1754 |special status= |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_1172.xml |subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae |genus=Fagopyrum }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Polygonaceae subfam. 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