View source for Eriophorum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Eriophorum
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 52. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 27. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Cotton-grass;bog-cotton;linaigrette
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Eriophorum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Eriophorum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek erion, wool or cotton, and phoros, bearing
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 5, 6, 27
|treatment_page=page 21
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, cespitose or not, rhizomatous. <b>Culms</b> solitary or not, trigonous or terete. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline; cauline leaves sometimes bladeless sheaths; ligules present; blades filiform to flat with filiform tip, to 25 cm × 2.5–4 mm. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, spikelets solitary, erect or (1–)2–10(–30) in subcapitate or subumbellate panicle; involucral bracts 1–several, scalelike or blade-bearing and leaflike throughout. <b>Spikelets</b>: scales (10–)20–200, spirally arranged, each subtending flower, or proximal empty. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual; perianth persistent, of (8–)10–25 hairlike, smooth bristles, or very rarely 6 antrorsely barbed bristles, greatly elongate, essentially straight, usually obscuring most of scales in spikelet, much longer than achene; stamens 1–3; styles deciduous, linear, 3-fid. <b>Achenes</b> trigonous.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mostly in cool temperate;alpine;and arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 25 (11 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>In some species the North American populations are considered to be conspecific with Eurasian populations; differences in achene micromorphology and isozyme data suggest that these relationships should be investigated more thoroughly.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=faegri1958a
|text=Faegri, K. 1958. Zur Hybridbildung in der Gattung Eriophorum. Veröff. Geobot. Inst. E. T. H. Stiftung Rubel Zürich 33: 50–58.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=fernald1905a
|text=Fernald, M. L. 1905. The North American species of Eriophorum. Rhodora 7: 81–92, 129–136.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=palla1896a
|text=Palla, E. 1896. Zur Systematik der Gattung Eriophorum. Bot. Zeitung, 2. Abt. 54: 141–158.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Perianth bristles usually 6, 3–9 mm in fruit, usually antrorsely barbed; spikelets 3–10 mm in fruit.
|[[Eriophorum crinigerum|Eriophorum crinigerum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Perianth bristles usually 10–25, 10+ mm in fruit, smooth; spikelets 10+ mm in fruit.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spikelets solitary, erect, without blade-bearing involucral bracts; distal leaves on culms bladeless or with blades not more than 1 cm; proximal scales of spikelets usually empty.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spikelets usually 2 or more, spreading or nodding, subumbellate or capitate, subtended by 1 or more blade-bearing involucral bracts, sometimes reduced to sheaths; distal leaves on culms with blades at least 1 cm; proximal scales of spikelets usually subtending flowers.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Culms usually solitary; empty proximal scales usually not more than 7.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Culms densely tufted; empty proximal scales usually 10 or more.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Anthers not longer than 1.5 mm; perianth bristles bright white; spikelets broadly obovoid to subglobose in fruit; fertile scales with hyaline margins not more than 1 mm wide.
|[[Eriophorum scheuchzeri|Eriophorum scheuchzeri]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Anthers 1 mm or longer; perianth bristles red-brown to white; spikelets globose in fruit; fertile scales with hyaline margins at least 1 mm wide.
|[[Eriophorum chamissonis|Eriophorum chamissonis]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Proximal scales spreading or reflexed in fruit, with white-hyaline margins to 1 mm wide; perianth bristles pure white in fruit; distal sheaths on culms inflated.
|[[Eriophorum vaginatum|Eriophorum vaginatum]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Proximal scales appressed to ascending, without conspicuous whitish margins; perianth bristles white or brownish; distal sheaths on culms inflated or not.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Culms to 70 cm, smooth; sheaths evenly distributed along culms, distal not inflated, bladeless; proximal scales with broad ribless margins; perianth bristles creamy white to pale brown; anthers to 2 mm.
|[[Eriophorum brachyantherum|Eriophorum brachyantherum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Culms not more than 25(–50) cm, rough distally; sheaths mostly confined to proximal 1/2 of culm, often with short blade; proximal scales with ribs ± to margins; perianth bristles white to pale brown; anthers to 1 mm.
|[[Eriophorum callitrix|Eriophorum callitrix]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Inflorescences with single blade-bearing bract; leaf blades channeled in cross section for entire length, not more than 1.5(–3) mm wide.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Inflorescences with (1–)2–5 blade-bearing bracts; leaf blades flat at least in proximal 1/2, 1.5–6+ mm wide.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Anthers 2–5 mm; longer scales 5–10 mm, proximal scales without lateral ribs.
|[[Eriophorum angustifolium|Eriophorum angustifolium]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Anthers 1–2(–2.5) mm; longer scales 3–4.5 mm, proximal (2–)3–9-ribbed, lateral ribs usually thinner and shorter than central.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Distal leaf blades 30–250 mm, longer than sheath; culms scabrous distally; scales with at least some red-brown.
|[[Eriophorum tenellum|Eriophorum tenellum]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Distal leaf blades 10–40 mm, shorter than sheath; culms distally smooth; scales black or dark gray.
|[[Eriophorum gracile|Eriophorum gracile]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Scales brown often with green center, ribs obscure or several equally prominent; perianth bristles usually brown, at least proximally, rarely entirely white.
|[[Eriophorum virginicum|Eriophorum virginicum]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Scales greenish gray to black with pale tip, midrib prominent; perianth bristles white or pale brown.
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Scales with midrib prominent and enlarged towards tip, sometimes excurrent; anthers 0.8–2 mm; peduncles scabrous.
|[[Eriophorum viridicarinatum|Eriophorum viridicarinatum]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Scales with midrib fading toward tip; anthers (2–)2.5–5 mm; peduncles smooth or scabrous.
|[[Eriophorum angustifolium|Eriophorum angustifolium]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Eriophorum
|author=Peter W. Ball;Daniel E. Wujek
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cyperaceae
|illustrator=John Myers
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Mostly in cool temperate;alpine;and arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
|reference=faegri1958a;fernald1905a;palla1896a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_21.xml
|genus=Eriophorum
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cyperaceae]]