View source for Cosmos

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cosmos
|accepted_authority=Cavanilles
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Icon.
|place=1: 9, plate 14. 1791
|year=1791
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae;Cosmos
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cosmos]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek kosmos, harmoniously ordered universe, or kosmo, ornament
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 184
|treatment_page=page 203
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>[perennials or subshrubs], 30–250 cm. <b>Stems</b> usually 1, erect or ascending, branched distally or ± throughout. <b>Leaves</b> mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 1–3-pinnately lobed [undivided], ultimate margins usually entire, faces usually glabrous, sometimes glabrate, hispid, puberulent, or scabridulous. <b>Heads</b> radiate, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. <b>Calyculi</b> of [5–]8 basally connate, ± linear to subulate, herbaceous (striate) bractlets. <b>Involucres</b> hemispheric or subhemispheric [cylindric], 3–15 mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent, [5–]8 in ± 2 series, distinct, lanceolate, lance-oblong, lance-ovate, or oblong, ± equal, membranous or herbaceous, margins ± scarious. <b>Receptacles</b> flat, paleate; paleae falling, linear, flat or slightly concave-convex, scarious (entire). <b>Ray</b> florets [0, 5] 8 (more in “double” cultivars), neuter; corollas white to pink or purple, or yellow to red-orange. <b>Disc</b> florets 10–20[–80+], bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow [orange] (at least distally), tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (staminal filaments hairy near anthers; style branches linear, flattened, thicker distally, hirtellous, appendages relatively slender). <b>Cypselae</b> (dark brown or black) relatively slender, quadrangular-cylindric or -fusiform [outer somewhat obcompressed], sometimes slightly arcuate, attenuate-beaked, not winged [winged], faces glabrous or hispid to scabridulous or ± setose, sometimes papillate, usually with 1 groove; pappi persistent [falling], of 2–4[–8] retrorsely [antrorsely] barbed awns, sometimes 0. <b>x</b> = 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Tropical and subtropical America;especially Mexico;widely introduced elsewhere.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 26 (4 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=pandey1986a
|text=Pandey, A. K., S. Chopra, and R. P. Singh. 1986. Development and structure of seeds and fruits in Compositae: Cosmos species. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 65: 362–368.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sherff1955a
|text=Sherff, E. E. 1955. Cosmos. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora. 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part. 2, pp. 130–146.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Ray laminae yellow to red-orange
|[[Cosmos sulphureus|Cosmos sulphureus]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Ray laminae pink, purple, purplish, rose-pink, violet, or white
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves: ultimate lobes 2–10 mm wide
|[[Cosmos caudatus|Cosmos caudatus]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves: ultimate lobes to 1.5 mm wide
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Ray laminae 15–50 mm
|[[Cosmos bipinnatus|Cosmos bipinnatus]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Ray laminae 5–9 mm
|[[Cosmos parviflorus|Cosmos parviflorus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cosmos
|author=Robert W. Kiger
|authority=Cavanilles
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=John Myers
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Tropical and subtropical America;especially Mexico;widely introduced elsewhere.
|reference=pandey1986a;sherff1955a
|publication title=Icon.
|publication year=1791
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_500.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae
|genus=Cosmos
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae]]