View source for Coptis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Coptis
|accepted_authority=Salisbury
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Trans. Linn. Soc. London
|place=8:305. 1807
|year=1807
}}
|common_names=Goldthread;coptide
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Coptis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ranunculaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Coptis]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek, kopto, to cut, referring to dissected leaves
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, from orange, yellow, or pale brown, slender rhizomes 0.5-2 mm thick. <b>Leaves</b> basal, petiolate. <b>Leaf</b> blade 1-2-ternately compound, 1-2-pinnately compound, or deeply divided; leaflets ovate or triangular, lobed or parted, margins sharply serrate to denticulate. <b>Inflorescences</b> scapose, 1-4-flowered cymes, to 3 cm (9 cm in fruit); bracts absent. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual and staminate (all bisexual in <i>C. trifoliata</i>), radially symmetric; sepals not persistent in fruit, 5-7, green to white, plane, linear-lanceolate, oblanceolate to obovate or elliptic, occasionally clawed, 4.2-11 mm; petals 5-7, distinct, green, plane or concave distally, either clavate with adaxial nectary at apex or linear with adaxial nectary near base, clawed, 2-7 mm; stamens 10-60; filaments filiform; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 4-15, simple; ovules 4-10 per pistil; style present. <b>Fruits</b> follicles, aggregate, stipitate, forming umbel-like clusters, oblong to ellipsoid, sides not veined; beak present or absent, terminal, straight or apically hooked, 0-4 mm. <b>Seeds</b> dark brown to tan, ellipsoid, shiny, often appearing wrinkled. <b>x</b>=9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Temperate and boreal regions of North America and Asia.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 10 (4 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=fernald1929a
|text=Fernald, M. L. 1929. Coptis trifolia and its eastern American representative. Rhodora 31: 136-142.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hulten1937a
|text=Hultén, E. 1937. Flora of the Aleutian Islands and Westernmost Alaska Pensinsula with Notes on the Flora of Commander Islands.... Stockholm.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaflets unlobed or slightly lobed, ± sessile; sepals oblanceolate to obovate or elliptic; nectary near apex of petal; follicle body 3.9–7 mm; beak straight to ascending in fruit, 2–4 mm.
|[[Coptis trifolia|Coptis trifolia]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaflets deeply lobed or pinnatifid, short- to long-petiolulate; sepals linear-lanceolate; nectary near base of petal; follicle body 7–13.5 mm; beak recurved in fruit, less than 1 mm.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blade 2-pinnate with pinnatifid leaflets, to 3-pinnate or occasionally 2-ternate; coastal British Columbia to Alaska.
|[[Coptis aspleniifolia|Coptis aspleniifolia]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blade (1–)2-ternate; sw Washington s to California, e to Montana.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Flowers nodding; leaf blade 2-ternate or ternate with leaflets lobed almost to base; coastal Washington to California.
|[[Coptis laciniata|Coptis laciniata]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Flowers erect; leaf blade ternate with leaflets lobed ca. 1/2 length to base; Rocky Mountains of Washington, Idaho, and Montana.
|[[Coptis occidentalis|Coptis occidentalis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Coptis
|author=Bruce A. Ford
|authority=Salisbury
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Ranunculaceae
|distribution=Temperate and boreal regions of North America and Asia.
|reference=fernald1929a;hulten1937a
|publication title=Trans. Linn. Soc. London
|publication year=1807
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_419.xml
|genus=Coptis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ranunculaceae]]