View source for Clematis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Clematis
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 543. 175
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 242. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Clematis;clématite
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Clematis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ranunculaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Clematis]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek clema, plant shoot, ancient name of a vine
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Vines,</b> ± woody, sometimes only at base, climbing by means of tendril-like petioles and leaf rachises, or erect, herbaceous perennials, from elongate rhizomes. <b>Leaves</b> cauline, opposite, simple or compound, sessile or petiolate. <b>Leaf</b> blade undivided or 1-3-pinnately or -ternately compound; leaf or leaflets cordate to orbiculate, oblong, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, lobed or unlobed, margins entire or toothed. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary and/or terminal, 1-many-flowered cymes or panicles or flowers solitary or in fascicles, to 15 cm; bracts present and leaflike or ± scalelike or absent, not forming involucre. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual or unisexual, radially symmetric; sepals not persistent in fruit, 4, white, blue, violet, red, yellow, or greenish, plane, ovate to obovate or linear, 6-60 mm; petals absent; sometimes anther-bearing staminodes between sepals and stamens; stamens many; filaments filiform to flattened; pistils 5-150, simple; ovule 1 per pistil; beak present. <b>Fruits</b> achenes, aggregate, sessile, lenticular, nearly terete, or flattened-ellipsoid, sides not prominently veined; beak terminal, straight or curved, 12-110 mm. X = 8.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Worldwide;mostly temperate;a few subarctic;subalpine;or tropical.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 300 (32 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Clematis</i> is highly diverse in vegetative and floral aspects and has been divided into three or more genera by some authors, the groups segregated in some literature being <i>Clematis </i>subg.<i> Atragene</i> as the genus Atragene and <i>Clematis </i>subg.<i> Viticella</i> as the genus Viticella. Species in <i>Clematis </i>subg.<i> Viorna</i> have been crossed with highly dissimilar species in <i>Clematis </i>subg.<i> Clematis</i> and <i>Clematis </i>subg.<i> Viticella</i>, and species in <i>Clematis </i>subg.<i> Clematis</i> have been crossed with species in <i>Clematis </i>subg.<i> Viticella</i>. Chromosome morphology is strikingly similar in all subgenera.</p><!--
--><p>The circumscription of subgenera in this work follows C. S. Keener and W. M. Dennis (1982). Major realignments have been proposed by F. B. Essig (1992) on the basis of seedling morphology, including the transfer of <i>Clematis recta</i> and <i>C. terniflora</i> to <i>Clematis </i>subg.<i> Viorna</i>.</p><!--
--><p>Many species are valued as ornamentals; some have escaped from cultivation and have become established in the flora.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=essig1992a
|text=Essig, F. B. 1992. Seedling morphology in Clematis (Ranunculaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Sida 15: 377-390.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=james1883a
|text=James, J. F. 1883. Revision of the genus Clematis of the United States. J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. 6: 118-135.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=keener1975a
|text=Keener, C. S. 1975. Studies in the Ranunculaceae of the southeastern United States. III. Clematis L. Sida 6: 33-47.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=keener1982a
|text=Keener, C. S. and W. M. Dennis. 1982. The subgeneric classification of Clematis (Ranunculaceae) in temperate North America north of Mexico. Taxon 31: 37-44.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=kuntze1885a
|text=Kuntze, O. 1885. Monographie der Gattung Clematis. Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 26: 6-202.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=torrey-a
|text=Torrey, J. and A. Gray. 1838-1843. A Flora of North America. 2 vols. in 7 parts. New York, London, and Paris. Vol. 1, pp. 7-11.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Sepals ± thick, leathery, connivent proximally and usually much of length; perianth bell- to urn-shaped, blue, violet, or yellowish white
|[[Clematis subg. Viorna|Subg. Viorna]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Sepals thin, spreading, not connivent; perianth widely bell-shaped to rotate, or if narrowly bell-shaped, bright yellow.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Staminate flowers with petaloid staminodes between stamens and sepals; perianth widely bell-shaped or tardily rotate.
|[[Clematis subg. Atragene|Subg. Atragene]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Staminate flowers without staminodes between stamens and sepals; perianth rotate, sepals wide-spreading, or sepals recurved at least toward tip.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Flowers 1–many (if flowers solitary, either unisexual or with yellow sepals), generally in cymes or panicles, unisexual or bisexual; sepals white or yellow, linear-oblong, elliptic, lanceolate, ovate, oblanceolate, or obovate.
|[[Clematis subg. Clematis|Subg. Clematis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Flowers 1–3 (if 1, sepals not yellow), in axillary clusters, bisexual; sepals blue to violet, rarely white, broadly obovate to elliptic-rhombic.
|[[Clematis subg. Viticella|Subg. Viticella]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Clematis
|author=James S. Pringle
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Ranunculaceae
|distribution=Worldwide;mostly temperate;a few subarctic;subalpine;or tropical.
|reference=essig1992a;james1883a;keener1975a;keener1982a;kuntze1885a;torrey-a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_467.xml
|genus=Clematis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ranunculaceae]]