View source for Carthamus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carthamus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 830. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 361. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Distaff thistle
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Carthamus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carthamus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Arabic qartam, safflower
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 52, 67, 83
|treatment_page=page 178
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>or perennials, 30–180 cm, herbage glabrous to ± glandular and/or ± tomentose. <b>Stems</b> usually erect, branched distally or throughout, (leafy). <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline or all cauline; basal and proximal cauline winged-petiolate, distal cauline sessile, sometimes clasping; blade margins dentate to pinnately lobed, ± spiny, faces glabrous or ± glandlar and/or ± tomentose. <b>Heads</b> discoid, borne singly or in few-headed cymiform arrays. <b>Involucres</b> ovoid, constricted distally. <b>Phyllaries</b> many in 4–5 series, linear to ovate (at least outer ± leaflike), bases appressed, apical appendages more herbaceous, prominently veiny, spiny-dentate or -lobed, spine-tipped. <b>Receptacles</b> convex to conic, epaleate, bearing subulate scales. <b>Florets</b> 15–60+; corollas yellow to red or ± purple, tubes very slender, throats gradually or abruptly expanded, ± cylindric or short-campanulate, lobes linear; anther bases short-tailed, apical appendages oblong; style branches: fused portions with slightly swollen basal nodes minutely hairy, distally minutely papillate, distinct portions very short. <b>Cypselae</b> oblong to obpyramidal, ± 4-angled, apices with smooth or dentate rims, faces usually ± roughened (outer) or smooth (inner), glabrous, attachment scars lateral; pappi 0 or (usually only inner cypselae) ± persistent, of many, usually unequal, narrow scales overlapping in several series. <b>x</b> = 10, 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=United States;Mediterranean region.
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 14 (4 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=ashri1959a
|text=Ashri, A. and P. F. Knowles. 1959. Further notes on Carthamus in California. Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 5–8.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ashri1960a
|text=Ashri, A. and P. F. Knowles. 1960. Cytogenetics of safflower (Carthamus L.) species and their hybrids. Agron. J. 52: 11–17.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hanelt1963a
|text=Hanelt, P. 1963. Monographisch Übersicht der Gattung Carthamus L. (Compositae). Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 41–180.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hanelt1976a
|text=Hanelt, P. 1976. Carthamus. In: T. G. Tutin et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora Europaea. 5 vols. Cambridge. Vol. 4, pp. 302–303.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=khidir1970a
|text=Khidir, M. O. and P. F. Knowles. 1970. Cytogenetic studies of Carthamus species (Compositae) with 32 pairs of chromosomes. I. Intrasectional hybridization. Amer. J. Bot. 57: 123–129.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=khidir1970b
|text=Khidir, M. O. and P. F. Knowles. 1970b. Cytogenetic studies of Carthamus species (Compositae) with 32 pairs of chromosomes. II. Intersectional hybridization. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 12: 90–99.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Corollas pink or pale purple; cauline leaves ± deeply lobed
|[[Carthamus leucocaulos|Carthamus leucocaulos]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Corollas yellow to red; cauline leaves toothed to deeply lobed
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Cauline leaves toothed, otherwise undivided, weakly spiny; corollas yellow to red; cypselae white
|[[Carthamus tinctorius|Carthamus tinctorius]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Cauline leaves ± divided, very spiny; corollas yellow; cypselae brown
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Anthers yellow, pollen yellow; corollas bright yellow; outer phyllaries usually not more than 1.5 times as long as inner; herbage ± cobwebby; stems stramineous.
|[[Carthamus lanatus|Carthamus lanatus]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Anthers white with purple lines, pollen white; corollas pale yellow; outer phyllaries usually 2 times as long as inner; herbage ± sparsely hairy; stems white or stramineous
|[[Carthamus creticus|Carthamus creticus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carthamus
|author=David J. Keil
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=United States;Mediterranean region.
|introduced=true
|reference=ashri1959a;ashri1960a;hanelt1963a;hanelt1976a;khidir1970a;khidir1970b
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_200.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Carthamus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]